Mathematics & everyone everyday Essay Example for Free

Science everybody regular Essay Science is utilized in the lives of everybody regular. Regardless of whether it is utilized by engineers structuring a machine or by garments customer deciding the amount they will spare, all utilization math and mathematic ideas. Arithmetic has additionally been utilized for at any rate seven centuries by numerous individuals of the early incredible civic establishments. A large number of those human advancements turned out to be reliant on the utilization of math to make their incredible domains. The significance of math has not lessened since its baby years. In view of its significance how it is introduced to understudies has gotten similarly significant. Just 30 years back most understudies didn't have number crunchers to help them in learning. Today, innovative number crunchers can do amazingly complex scientific conditions in a small amount of a second. This has made a discussion on whether the utilization of number cruncher advantage or hurt understudies. All the more explicitly the discussion is about how much utilization of the number cruncher ought to be utilized in the study hall. There is a lot of discussion on the examination concerning whether it really causes or damages understudies to over use or under use number crunchers. A significant part of the discussion depends on abstract ways to deal with the exploration information as each side is attempting to guarantee as much ground as possible in this discussion. The two sides wish the best for the understudies need to see the understudies exceed expectations. Be that as it may, they can't concur on whether the number crunchers advance their scientific training. History of Math Mathematics is an idea that has been around since the most punctual records of composed language. The most seasoned archeological science disclosure was found in Swaziland, Africa where a multi year old Lebombo bone with indents chipped into it (Williams, 2005). These imprints appear to show days in a month by including an indent for consistently that passes. Sadly, a great part of the historical backdrop of how math created is left to translation of archeological finds. Some hypothesize that the structures of landmarks and structures appear to have a geometric seeing, yet that is altogether up to understanding. As human advancements rose two specifically created complex scientific frameworks: the Babylonians and the Egyptians. Around 1850 BC, the Babylonians built up a base-60 arrangement of science. This framework is by all accounts demonstrated after how the Babylonians saw time. They separated the day into 24 hours, with every hour having an hour and every moment having 60 seconds. This is a similar framework that is utilized to portray current time. This base-60 model appears to be progressively muddled contrasted with the cutting edge base-10 framework, yet the Babylonians just needed to learn two characters rather than learning 10 characters in the base-10 framework (St Andrews, 2000). This scientific framework continued one of the most impressive developments of the old world. The Egyptians likewise built up their own type of arithmetic. They built up a base-10 framework around 2700 BC. Some portion of the Egyptians want to learn arithmetic had to do with getting time. The yearly flooding of the Nile River was a significant occasion in Egypt. The Nile River was the soul of the whole human progress and its yearly flood guarantee that the ground would be sufficiently prolific to develop crops. As a result of this significant occasion, it got essential for the Egyptians to figure out how to compute when the yearly flooding would happen. When their scientific framework was conceived, it was applied to different territories of their human advancement, especially in building. The outcome can at present be seen with the Pyramids. The Greeks took arithmetic to a significant level alongside the Chinese and the Indians. The greatest commitment the Greeks provided for math was evacuating obscure ideas and applying rationale to math. Math and rationale have distinct similitudes in that both have issues with supreme answers. The rationale disapproved of Greeks applied these ideas to numerical standards. In any case, the Greeks rationale restricted their utilization of nonsensical numbers. This made their type of Algebra to some degree lacking and some theorize that it set back numerical advancement a few centuries (UL, 2008). Both the Chinese and the Indians had the option to compute the arrangement of pi. Anyway quite a bit of early Chinese arithmetic was demolished during the book consuming before 202 BC. Quite a bit of what as composed is hypothesis dependent on works composed after the consuming. The criticalness of Chinese science is the means by which well it flourished while its western partners fell into a dim period. The Indians built up the ideas of trigonometry and would later build up an early type of math (Dutta, 2002). Except for the Muslims, arithmetic entered a dim period. All through Europe, math was ignored alongside numerous different sciences. Nonetheless, in the twelfth century, numerous European researchers looked for after logical writings the Arabs had deciphered. The made a resurrection in European interests in arithmetic. With the Arab messages, the Hindu-Arab numerals were presented and in the long run turned into the standard of mathematic content. When the Renaissance time frame started, the enthusiasm for arithmetic detonated. Route acquired an intrigue itemized maps. This produced a requirement for trigonometry. Starting now and into the foreseeable future, math progressed kept on extending. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton found both the laws of material science and present day math. John Napier built up the idea of decimals which supplanted the constraint of divisions. Since the seventeenth century, a lot greater advancement is the field of science has been made. Math is currently applied to most fields of science. Researchers have discovered that math has demonstrated especially precise in the rascals of science, cosmology, and material science. Alongside perusing math has become the establishment of all learning. History of Calculators The most punctual type of adding machines was known as math devices. These straightforward gadgets helped in the number-crunching figurings. They were regularly made with a wood outline with dabs hung over the casing. Each string would speak to an alternate base unit. One string would speak to an individual unit, another 10 units, another 100, etc. The Roman and Chinese math devices were fundamentally the same as in this regard. So much that some estimate whether the two were grown together through exchange. No proof has been found to help this other than the likenesses (Messina, 2008). These early adding machines can be found in certain spots today where innovation isn't flourishing, for example, rustic town in the Far East. The main mechanical mini-computer was imagined in 1623 by William Schickard. He designed a machine considered the Calculating Clock that could do basic adding and deducting up to 999,999. Past that, a chime would show a numeric flood mistake. Despite the fact that this machine could just include and take away, John Napier, in 1617, found a logarithm that could ascertain augmentation and division through including and deducting (Smart Computing, 2008). In 1822, Charles Babbage thought of the thought called a distinction motor. This technician gadget could save to seven quantities of 31 characters each. He later built up another model called a diagnostic motor. This gadget was steam driven and was around 100 feet by 30 feet in size. This machine could hold 1000 number of 50 digits. Every one of the four number-crunching tasks in addition to square roots could be determined by this machine. Shockingly, eight years after Babbage passed on in 1871, the British Association for the Advancement of Science suggested against the machine and accordingly no administration financing would be given to finish the machine (Stanford, 2008). Other adding machine developments came during the nineteenth century yet it was in the twentieth century that the mini-computer can into its own. Mechanical adding machines started to be increasingly pervasive in significant providers. Two World Wars helped advance number crunchers using PCs and microelectronics. In 1955, IBM presented the primary transistorized mini-computer (IBM, 2008). After three years, Casio presented the principal minimal adding machine. Nonetheless, it was Texas Instruments in 1967 that acquainted what is the ancestor with the advanced hand held number cruncher. By the 1970s, pocket number crunchers started to enter the commercial center. First in Japan, these number crunchers could perform basic calculations. The main issue was the number crunchers were over the top expensive, a tape show, and its capacity flexibly was constrained. These issues were fixed through a few developed arrangements. First was the Liquid Crystal Display screen, or LCD. The LCD permitted the number cruncher to show the outcomes on a screen that can change as opposed to utilizing warm paper that was both awkward and required steady supplanting. Another epic idea was the utilization of replaceable batteries. This implied the adding machine could genuinely be convenient and not constrained to an electrical outlet. After some time the force utilization of the number cruncher was decreased and sun oriented boards had the option to control the pocket adding machines. This further liberated clients to utilize the mini-computers any place they required them. Number crunchers have now gets ordinary in homes, organizations, and schools. Number crunchers have become amazing enough that pocket adding machines would now be able to ascertain complex variable based math and analytics conditions in a small amount of a second. PCs and the Internet consider considerably more degrees of multifaceted nature.

Metropolitan Museum of Art Primary Source Analysis free essay sample

Avalokiteshvara is significant for strict practices. It is a symbol for Buddhists to love. Other than the philosophical and strict estimations of the sculpture, all the more critically, this ancient rarity shows the distinctions of qualities and convictions that individuals have as indicated by the adjustment in types of Avalokiteshvara. The specific timespan when Buddhism was acquainted with China is an inquiry that remaining parts obscure. It is by and large accepted that Buddhism was spread from India to China in 67 AD through the silk street during the Han Dynasty. Chinese individuals didn't acknowledge Buddhism first and foremost, yet it before long got well known during Northern and Southern Dynasties around fifth century, when Buddhism embraced a few thoughts and convictions from Daoism and Confucianism and changed them to its own tenets. It is amazingly uncommon to see a male type of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara in China today. By and large, Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, or GuanYin in Chinese, is deciphered in an all-female structure. We will compose a custom article test on Metropolitan Museum of Art Primary Source Analysis or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page That implies this relic must be made before the progressive difference in Buddhism. Numerous Buddha sculptures had been changed gradually all through time under the impacts of Chinese culture. In the Song administration, Avalokiteshvara was still in male structure with the lion and the loosening up motions as the consequence of the feeble military of the Song line. As the resl This structure gives individuals a suspicion that all is well and good in light of the fact that the lion and the male represent the force. Furthermore, individuals were looking for the solid security Buddhism went to its prime during the Ming tradition around twelfth century. During this period, Guanyin(Avalokiteshvara) was deciphered in an all-female structure and Guan Yim is normally appeared in a white streaming robe white being the image of virtue - , and typically wearing accessories of Indian/Chinese eminence. In the correct hand is a water container (as the Sacred Vase the water container additionally one of the Eight Buddhist Symbols of good Fortune) containing unadulterated water, the awesome nectar of life, empathy and shrewdness, and in the left, a willow branch to sprinkle the heavenly nectar of life upon the aficionados as to favor them with physical and profound harmony. The picture of Avalokiteshvara was not, at this point a male with a lion and loosen up signals as the consequence of solid military intensity of the Ming Dynasty. Individuals put more accentuation on otherworldly angles and internal harmony than looking for assurance or pursuing material things on the planet.

How to Write a How to Essay - The Easy Way

How to Write a How to Essay - The Easy WayThere are a few samples of a how to essay that you can use. Some of them are better than others and there is no right or wrong one. Your goal is to use something that is an extension of what you already know and what you are familiar with. Use it as a template and you will have a much better chance of succeeding in your writing.You may be trying to find samples of a how to essay but most likely this is a task that you do not enjoy. It can be easy to give up and not complete your assignment because of a lack of interest. Using a sample will make you want to go back and finish the assignment. You will be motivated and excited about the task and your essay will come out more interesting and complete.In order to find samples of a how to essay, you can use a general search engine to get results. This will bring up thousands of pages that relate to this subject. Start by clicking on the first page of results that appear and this will help narrow do wn your search. Keep looking at the first page and on the third page if possible. Keep searching until you find one that you can use as a template for your own assignments.When you find the samples of a how to essay that you want to use, read it carefully. Find out if the topic is something that you have been thinking about in the past. If you find that you do not have a grasp on the information that is contained within the essay, then find another sample.The samples of a how to essay should help you by showing you exactly what you should write about. When you are doing research for your essay, it is helpful to have a few sources that can support your ideas. These samples will provide you with a starting point to write about.Most of the time, the samples that you are given can be found online. They can be used as a template to guide you in writing your own essay. There is no need to look any further for samples. This is especially true when you are searching for samples of a how to essay because you will find it on the internet.Once you have the samples of a how to essay to use as a template, you can turn to another resource. You can use these as guides but use your own thoughts and opinions as well. This will make your assignment easier to complete. You will be less likely to write your own essay and this will give you a chance to write your own.Learning how to write a how to essay does not have to be difficult. You do not have to sit and struggle with a work that does not hold your interest. A sample of a how to essay can be used as a guide and a standard from which you can set your own standards. This will make your essays more interesting and complete.

Btec National Diploma Effective Communication - 1242 Words

Developing Effective Communication P1 There are many different settings relevant within the Health and Social Care Sector. For example you could be placed in a Residential or Nursing home, a Mental Health ward, a Simple Doctores surgery or even a Brain Damage unit. Each of these settings require different skills to enable you to work and care for the patients effectively. I am now going to explore the value of effective and varied types of communication in order to care for and support service users. Communication is so important in a healthcare and social care setting for a number of reasons. The patient and the healthcare professional need to understand each other clearly in order for the patient to receive the best possible†¦show more content†¦If you speak to a person in a way they do not understand they may get confused or feel patronised. It is important to repeat information and to make sure the patient understands. One-to-one communication is conversation between two individuals. Examples of one-to-one communication are, Someone being interviewed, and Someone talking to their GP. In the Health and Social care sector, one-to-one conversation is sometimes used because of confidentiality. With a one-to-one conversation it is important that you have created the right kind of emotional atmosphere before you begin to discuss what you have to say. It is vital that the other person feels relxed, comfortable and happy to talk to you. Group communication is getting a small group of people together who share the same problem to talk about it. These work better when the group is small as the leader can interact better than working with a large group. In health care, group communication can range from AA meetings (Alcohol anonymous) to drug abuse to various phobias which people want to overcome. There are a number of factors we need to consider when working with a group, things such as group atmosphere, group leaders, thinking about what you are going to say, taking turns and the use of space. Bruce W Tuckman is a respected educational psychologist who first described the four stages of group development in 1965. Looking at the behaviour of small groups in aShow MoreRelatedAssignment Brief to Break Down Unit 5 Health and Social Care Level 11545 Words   |  7 PagesBTEC Extended Diploma Level 3 Assignment Brief Course Title: Extended Diploma Level 3 in Health and Social Care Unit : 5 Assignment Title: Anatomy Physiology Scenario/Vocational Context: This unit introduces core knowledge of cellular structure and function, and the organisation of the body as a whole, and then builds on this to develop a more detailed knowledge of the fine anatomy and physiology of the systems involved in energy metabolism. Functional Skills Development: This assignmentRead MoreEssay on social policy1190 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment Front Sheet Qualification Unit Number and Title Pearson BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 7: Social Policy Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 07/03/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand the significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision 1.1 Read MoreUnderstand how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace1565 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment Front Sheet Qualification Unit Number and Title Pearson BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 3: Health and Safety in the Health and Social Care Workplace Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 18/04/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand 1.1 how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplaceRead MoreCompare and Contrast Different Structure of Organisation and Culture964 Words   |  4 PagesHigher National Diploma in Business and Accountancy Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour Edexcel BTEC Level 5 HND Business and Accountancy Unit 3 Assignment: Organisations and Behaviour Useful Websites: www.managementhelp.org www.mindtools.com www.businesslink.gov.uk www.12manage.com www.businessballs.com Section 1 Understanding the relationship between organisational structure and culture You will need to: ï‚ · compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture Here you needRead MoreHealth and social care1434 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment Front Sheet Qualification Unit Number and Title Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 16: Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care Student No. Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 30/05/2014 11/07/2014 Submitted on Assignment title LO2 Task No. Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time. 1 1.3 LO1 In this assessment you will haveRead MoreTitle: Discrimination and Social Care3818 Words   |  16 PagesHealth and Social Care Unit code: D/600/9222 QCF Level 3: BTEC Nationals Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose This unit aims to develop learners’ understanding of concepts related to equality, diversity and rights in health and social care. 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Failure to complete, sign and submit this form will result in a mark of ‘0’ for the assignment. Student Name ELENA UTA Student ID P1030912 Assessor Name SHABNAM S. Qualification PEARSON BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma Business (Management) Unit Number Unit Title Unit 33: Marketing Principle (MP) Assignment Title Assessment of the Performance of a Small Business Enterprise Date of Submission 30.10.2016 By submitting this form and signing belowRead MoreUnit 1 Communication1302 Words   |  6 PagesBTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE LEVEL 3. Unit 1. Developing effective communication in health and social care. Explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. CRITERIA P1. In this piece of writing, I am to explain the role of effective communication in different context, the methods, the interpersonal interactions and how it support service users with theirRead MoreExplain key influences on personal learning processes of individuals4164 Words   |  17 PagesUnit 6: Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care Unit code: D/600/8958 QCF Level 3: BTEC Nationals Credit value: 20 Guided learning hours: 120 Aim and purpose This unit aims to enable learners to understand the learning process and to give them the skills they need to plan for, monitor and reflect on their professional development. Learners will then be able to investigate and gain an understanding of health or social care provision. Learners must

Vigilantes Cleaning Out The Wound Essay - 1949 Words

Do you believe in vigilantism? Do you believe in criminals and outlaws being punished for their crimes in the name of justice? What if you knew someone who was so close to you, you would do whatever it took to find those responsible for the pain they caused and punish them in the name of justice. Would you walk down the path of a vigilante and help bring about an end to their tyranny? Vigilantism can be looked at as crime if you look at it in a negative way, or it can be looked at in a positive way. Many vigilantes help make the world a better place every day by doing away with the evil people in this world who kidnap, rape, murder, and loot people in the streets. Vigilantism is justified because the vigilantes help make the world a better†¦show more content†¦Neo- vigilantism includes many different varieties of vigilantism such as neighborhood crime and subway patrols, border security groups, and also bounty hunters who can sometimes be hired to catch wanted criminals and fugitives for a price. A group called the Guardian Angels was formed in February 1979 in the Bronx and these were vigilantes who looked after the people in the subway carts of New York. When they spotted trouble or anyone in danger, they would intervene and help resolve the situation. The Guardian Angels is still around today and is a much decorated vigilance committee and has been acknowledged by the president on several occasions. In the 1980s, vigilantism began to spring up in many places, especially in Third World countries in the form of Death squad paramilitaries. A new kind of vigilantism was brought about in the 1990s and it was known as cyber- vigilantism. Cyber- vigilantism was composed of people who go after sexual predators, terrorists, and copyright infringers on the internet. The history of vigilantism has made many appearances throughout American history and has played a major role on many occasions. Many criminals, outlaws, and terrorists have been carless and found themselves in the clutches of vigilantes across the United States. Together, they have all made a difference in the lives of people who have been closeShow MoreRelatedThe Case of Malcolm Farley1275 Words   |  5 Pagesair, vigilante groups came up but still the culprit otherwise named the fox was scot-free and continued with his criminal acts. Fox continued to unleash his terror in many towns despite his profiling by the police. He went into other towns like Tring, Cheddington, Leighton Buzzard and Milton Keynes (Malcolm, n.d.). In April 1984, in Linslade, Leighton Buzzard, a 74-year-old woman became the first victim of the Fox. This woman went to bed at around 9PM and after reading for an hour she put out theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesbrutally repressive regimes that actively promoted or systematically engineered the massive episodes of rape, oppression, and genocidal killing that were major offshoots of a second global conflict in the early 1940s. The barbarous treatment meted out to tens of millions of men, women, and children in a decade that marked the nadir of recorded human history provided much of the impetus for a worldwide resurgence of human rights activism, agitation, and legislation that came to be centered in the

The Mass And Class Culture - 900 Words

Our society is allowing opportunities for native individuals of the 19th century to be expressive and develop into their own personal being. The most logical reasoning for this perspective switch is due to mass culture emerging and developing during the 20th century. Cultural studies connect mass culture to the western capitalist society, conveying ideas of a system centered on primarily TV, radio, and cinema. These cultural values and ideas are collected from the exposure of activities, communication media, music and art. Mass culture holds the relationship between an artist and audience and generated by impresarios. Subjects as music, writing, drama, creations, are all created by persons other than the consumers of the culture, which could create a negative image for some. Walker and Soltis mentioned in the Mass or Class Culture case study that many are often displeased with student’s unwillingness to take part in certain subjects like Shakespeare, Beethoven, and Rembrandt. This shows that most of the times educators are forcing students to engage in sure learning when naturally that are absorbed into their own personal life learning and creating new ways to communicate and express artistic thoughts. Walker and Sol raised an interested question when they asked why are educators so persist with recruiting students into an artificial, esoteric culture when their own culture is heavily rich and satisfying. The authors also warned viewers that those who are not willing toShow MoreRelatedEssay about Mass Media1507 Words   |  7 Pagesemergence of mass culture There has always been a definitive struggle to define culture as it is so complex and means something different to each individual. Culture affects all of us in different ways resulting in multiple definitions of culture. Culture had previously been seen as a way of improvement and growth, helping us to understand our place in society and guiding us towards a better understanding of ourselves. 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Several scholars have developed philosophies that help people understand how mass media fulfills its roles in the society. For example, Horkheimer and Adorno have constructed theories that explain the functions and impacts of mass media in the society across the globe (Mosco, 2008). The central theme in all mass communication models entails the meaning ofRead MoreThe Political Context Of Sociology1118 Words   |  5 PagesIn his book, The Political Context of Sociology, Leon Bramson ( analyzes European theories of the mass and mass society. Bramson cites Wihelm Vleugls excretion that â€Å"not only do different authors associate different concepts with the word ‘mass’: often the same author will use the word to designate different concepts (p. 29). He says that the variety in concepts of â€Å"mass† is due to the historica l changes in political groups and the extension of rights and powers to a larger citizenry in a postRead MoreFascism During The 1930 S1360 Words   |  6 Pagesinstruments of production†, so the primary focus was on a sort of conflict of class system. Now fascism is generally explained as a nationalistic and primarily right-wing form of governmental rule. Populism and populists have been around for a long time but around this time they where not only embracing the ideal of being a political stance for the people but they also collectively had a distaste for those in the upper class, the small percentage at the top. Historically the populist party was knownRead MoreThe And Dissemination Of Cultural Values, Ideologies, And Hierarchies832 Words   |  4 Pagescultural values, ideologies, and hierarchies is as varied as the historian. Again semantics and semiotics, important issues to understand the full web of the â€Å"word-concept† culture, dominate much of the theory and practice. The most common debates are over naming eras and redefining terms like popular, culture, popular culture, etc. Despite the debate, the historiography maintains four important foci for the construction of cultural values: industrialization and the Progressive Era, the influenceRead MoreSubculture And Its Impact On Society1426 Words   |  6 Pages Subculture refers to a minority of individuals who adhere to different rules, dress codes and lifestyle choices from mainstream culture. Throughout this essay the traditional definitions of subcultures, that mainly concentrate on class and style as their main features, will be looked at and explained. It will then be demonstrated how these ways of thinking are no longer relevant to the 21st century therefore the term subculture needs to be rethought for it to be an applicable category in the

Mary Shelleys description Essay Example For Students

Mary Shelleys description Essay Other people including his sister were very worried and believed the quest to be too dangerous; many thought that the quest could never be accomplished. His sister was especially worried because it was a part of the world never visited and also there was no route discovered to the pole yet. Walton attempts, in his letter, to persuade his sister that everything will be alright. Victor Frankenstein was a young ambitious scientist who wanted to be the first ever human to create life. He wanted to be become famous and be well known for his work as a scientist. Even though people and other scientists with high reputations told him that it was dangerous and also that it could never be accomplished. Despite this he was determined not to let their thoughts get in the way and carried on with his plan. He prepared for his work by going into graveyards and charnel houses collecting body parts and bones of dead people: Spending days and nights in vaults and charnel houses churchyards were merrily respectable bodies deprived of life This choice of words by Mary Shelley is very effective because it makes the reader feel that something dreadful is being created because you wouldnt think something good of the creature when you here that the body parts of it were from dead, burned rooted people, this is very effective on the readers because it makes you feel as if you are there and are actually experiencing it. This also again shows the intelligence of Mary Shelley. This quote shows that he is willing to give sleep and food because he was so determined to go on with his dangerous mission and to create life. Finally Victor Frankenstein succeeds: After nights and days of labour and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of life. At this point Victor Frankenstein is very excited because after all his hard work he had finally discovered the way to create life. This basically makes him feel that his mission is unstoppable and that ultimately people would thank him for what he had accomplished. Mary Shelley is trying to convey the message that Robert Walton and Victor Frankenstein are going too far. They are both over ambitious and their preparations including giving up sleep and food shows that they are determined to do what they set out to do and nothing can get in their way. Both of their quests seem too dangerous and are also pushing the boundaries too far.

UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis

Executive Summary The following paper is a presentation of procurement strategies as well as procurement tools within a selected organisation in the logistics industry. The paper begins with a detailed profile of the procurement process and function in the organisation as informed by a number of documents on the company obtained through relevant databases over the Internet. The paper also includes an analysis of the research materials in an attempt to establish solutions to some of the challenges in the company’s procurement configuration.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings of research into the company’s procurement process establish that even though the company has invested in a number of techniques to facilitate the same, several challenges still exist. These challenges include the absence of a clear outline of the p rocurement strategy in the organisation and a detachment of the several units and departments involved in procurement, thus causing delays and inefficiencies. In addition to the above problems, there is an apparent disconnection between customers and the production process, thus causing delays in the final product reaching the intended consumers. This paper covers several sections that allow easy interpretation of the procurement process in the selected organisation. It begins with a background of the organisation with the inclusion of the several changes in its procurement functions. The presentation of a detailed strategy and operations in the firm follows before concluding with the recommendations section. The selected company is United Parcel Services (UPS). Background of UPS UPS was founded in the 1907 and it has grown from its original coverage of the US to cover more than half of the globe courtesy of having services in over 200 countries around the world. With its headquarte rs in Atlanta, the company has been the leader in package delivery with millions of parcels and documents being delivered daily. The company has also grown in revenue over the period it has been in existence and it is listed in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The company has presence in all the continents with coverage of almost all the regions of the world. There is also diversification in the company, which allows easy courier and distribution functions in the industry. The major divisions formed since its inception includes the UPS Mail Innovations, UPS TeleService, UPS Aviation, UPS Air Cargo, UPS Capital Corporation, and UPS Professional Services among others. These have constantly changed over the years with the functions remaining within the organisation and addition of others. The company uses its characteristic brown fleet of vehicles and aircrafts to deliver parcels and packages. According to the UPS Supply Chain Solutions (2012, p.9), ‘the company spent billions of dollars in a state-of-the-art tracking system and in the investment of some of the latest technologies in the industry’. The update of its technological capability is also reported to cost it more than the operation of the aircrafts and the courier vehicles.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For a proper analysis of the company’s performance, the operations can be grouped into domestic package that the company runs in the US, International package for its international market, and the non-package sectors. A historical performance index reveals that the organisation has a performance of approximately $24 billion in 2002 revenue for the domestic package: $4.7 billion in international trade and $2.7 billion in revenue for the non-package section. This performance was an improvement in revenue from the previous year’s performance where all the section s recorded lower revenues. However, by the year 2012, the company had grown to a total of US$ 54.1 billion, with an operating income of US$ 1.343 trillion and a net income of US$ 807 million (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The company has also grown from employment of handful employees to have over 397,000 employees in all the branches worldwide (UPS Annual Report 2012). The company also has over 8.8 million customers worldwide, who are served by the over 70,900 retail outlets in different parts of the world. There are also over 100,000vehicles forming its delivery fleet (UPS Annual Report 2012).Some subsidiaries have also been added to the original components of the organisation. The company has expanded its operations with the domestic market still constituting the largest share of its operations. However, in the recent past, the company has set to strengthen its international presence with the opening of several new branches across the world and introduction of the Internet-ba sed trade. Analysis of UPS’s Procurement Function In the process of procurement, an organisation should ensure that the acquired goods and services are appropriate with the best cost attainable and in the appropriate quantity, location, and time. UPS has a basic procurement process utilised by most organisations, which takes the standard route with the customers being the final recipients of the products and suppliers being at the beginning of the chain. In this section, the main areas of focus in the procurement process for UPS are global sourcing, supplier and collaboration, e- procurement and information, and cost reduction systems. Figure I: UPS: Executive board organisational chartAdvertising We will write a custom coursework sample on UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure II: Flow of materials through an organisation Source: (Qrunfleh Tarafdar 2013) Global sourcing Global sourc ing is an important part of any organisation and especially that of the size of UPS. According to Quintens et al. (2006), international purchasing cannot be excluded from any organisation that has the desire to succeed at the international front. UPS has set up effective measures of global sourcing, which contribute to its current state of success globally. Wynstra et al. (2003) posit that there is a need to integrate the purchasing process and product development. Some researchers have suggested that outsourcing leads to negative effects on the performance of a company, but this aspect is dependent on the specific industry (Dabhilkar et al. 2009).Alternatively, if outsourcing is applied with the right initiatives, there is a high probability for positive results. In the case of UPS, global sourcing contributes significantly and the same has grown exponentially over the last decade as domestic competition increases. UPS has also applied strategic purchasing methods in these levels, with global sourcing being a key pillar of the strategies. Paulraja et al. (2006) classify strategic purchasing into three basic levels. The company has managed to integrate the supply activities between the organisation’s customers and the external suppliers who form the largest part of global sourcing in many organisations (Paulraja et al. 2006). UPS recognises the importance of global outsourcing, which has been placed central to its procurement strategy.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Trautmann et al. (2009, p.205) state, ‘companies engage in global sourcing for a variety of reasons, not just to achieve economies of scale’. Some of the reasons of global outsourcing as recognised in UPS include the sharing of knowledge and the provision of the organisation with the best practices in its engagement with customers (Monczzka et al. 2002). Danese (2013) also stresses the importance of global outsourcing, as it improves the performance of any organisation that is in a position to establish itself in this field. UPS has made clear policies on outsourcing and specifically global sourcing. Through these policies, the company has been in a position to achieve international cooperation and partnerships and the same translating to improved returns and ease in the logistics industry. Supplier and collaboration UPS has collaborated with a number of companies, both in the past and recently, with some examples being companies such as IBM and Oracle. This move has enabled to company to ease its international and local presence with outlets for its services increasing with such partnerships. The collaboration has also seen the company take on the Internet space and diversify its services to the specification of the customers. Researchers have established a relationship between the successes of a company with the collaboration that it can achieve in the industry that it is situated. According to Claycomb and Frankwick (2010, p.256), some of the benefits include ‘information exchange and conflict resolution mechanisms’. However, others have reported negative effects of collaboration between companies with the suggestion that organisations should strive to be specialised in only one sector (Weele 2010). Given the logistics in the industry that UPS is located, collaboration is a significant part of existence and this view has informed the collaboration with suppliers and distributers. Supplier collaboration is also a significant cont ributor to cohesion within an organisation (Daspit et al. 2013; Lysons Farrington 2000), and UPS enjoys the same since its inception. The company has also managed to build trust between it customers and its suppliers with little negative incidents in its procurement process being reported in the period it has been in existence. In a study that examined the effects of trust between organisations in the supply chain, Stuart et al. (2011) proved that basic trust is necessary for effective collaboration. Collaborative networks are also important in the industry and UPS has built a large network in the courier industry where its service can be found in many parts of the world. Relational marketing literature also emphasises on the importance of building collaboration amongst companies (Stanko et al. 2007), and thus UPS has entered into partnerships with key industry players to ensure that competition is reduced and bridges built. Over the past decade, the company has proceeded to acquir e a number of related companies to expand her territories. The culture of organisations is also important to consider, as some of these organisational cultures may influence the outcome of collaboration. Claycomb and Frankwick (2010, p. 252) support this view by stating that some of the important aspects of a partnership in any industry ‘include information exchange and conflict resolution mechanisms’. Some of the issues that have arisen in the procurement process in UPS have emerged from failure of mechanisms set in place to ensure easy flow of information between some of its partners. Despite the support accorded to the supplier collaboration with an organisation, some researchers state that supplier involvement in the process of procurement and product development may be harmful to an organisations performance (Wynstra et al. 2001). The researchers continue to state that few of the organisations have thus ventured in to the involvement of suppliers in their productio n process (Wynstra et al. 2001). Interestingly, UPS has continued to experience growth in the presence of collaboration with its key suppliers over the last century of existence. E- Procurement and information UPS has invested in e-commerce in a number of ways. The company remains the first in the industry to utilise the Internet as a tool in its procurement process after investing billions of dollars every year for the last number of decades. The investments into cyberspace and information technology have exceeded the operational costs for the vehicle delivery and the air delivery services. As Qrunfleh and Tarafdarstate (2013) posit, information system in the current century is inseparable from the supply chain and application of the same in any supply chain can boost its performance. The company has a number of uses for e-procurement. Cisco, which is an affiliate company of UPS, is reported to sell approximately 90 percent of its products online with the special requests and speci fications being made the same way (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The clients are also allowed to easily check the product quality and test it via the same route, thus allowing them to confirm the details of delivery. The clients can now perform transactions at any time of the day and night, and UPS is notified of its product status through the same mode (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The company then uses the Internet to crosscheck the details of the orders and then due process is followed to the appropriate customers. Another example of the Internet use by UPS to link clients and provide efficient services is that of ScubaToys.com and its interaction with UPS OnLine (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The company is in a position to deliver the toys in a matter of hours to the rightful customers with shipment to different times only taking a number of days. The companies have managed to use the Internet to link the supply and customers directly, which facilitates trade and p rofitability. The payments for the services are also made electronically and clients can track their orders using a mobile phone software application called UPS Mobile (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The healthcare sector is a key part of UPS, which forms an integral part of its supply chain. With growing concerns over the safety of the supply chain, UPS has moved to ensure that the industry is safe by initiating measures aimed at temperature control and safety of medical appliances and drugs during transit. The Arizona State University (ASU) is also a beneficiary of the UPS Store, which is a franchise of one of UPS subsidiaries. The institution had a challenge of safely delivering mail to its large body of students before the company simplified the process and used technology for the same. The institution can now keep track of the mail.UPS, through its Customer Solutions section, also offered solutions to the challenge of goods damaged during transit for Plow Hearth. UPS was in a position to develop an economical solution to ensure that Plow Hearth customers were satisfied. They were also in a position to reduce transport costs and increase returns. Greve and Davis (2012) also offer solutions to some of the logistical problems that companies face and they use the model of UPS as an efficient logistical company. Vivo Technology, which is a company dealing in laptop parts, also had challenges with the efficient delivery of the parts to the markets and UPS offered solutions to the company by ensuring improved delivery efficiency. Cost reduction systems UPS has invested in a number of ways to ensure that the costs of doing business are reduced. Proper procurement strategies are some of these measures and the company has managed to stay competitive. As Glock and Hochrein (2011, p.173) state, ‘purchasing organisation is important for the competitive success of the purchasing department and the firm’. UPS has ensured that the purchase of the relevan t services and goods in its line of trade are properly done. One of the measures applied is the use of e-commerce as highlighted above. Another of these measures is the collaborative effort put in place, thus ensuring that it is in a position to attract other likeminded companies towards the goal of efficiency. Anderson and Katz (1998, p. 1) support this assertion by noting that the ‘cost of cutting alone has been a disappointing means of improving profits’. Svahn and Westerlund (2009) also established the use of collaborative networks as another way or reducing costs in the operation of companies. UPS has invested in cheap ways of transporting and delivering documents and parcels, and these methods include bulk shipping and chattered flights. The services have ended up being cheaper and competitive with the resultant goods being affordable. Karjalainen (2011) also states that such means of reducing pricing is the most effective. Recommendations Prioritisation of procur ement process – There are a number of possible recommendations for UPS in its procurement process. The first one is that the company should attempt to redefine its organisational structure to ensure that procurement is made a priority. A representative of the same function should be appointed to handle the department, and this individual should be answerable to the CEO and the Board members only. The strategy will ensure that the procurement process in the company is swift and efficient. Close supplier involvement – UPS should ensure that the suppliers are involved directly in the development of any new services and [products. To this effect, a supplier development team should be formulated, with the functions including quality assurance for the suppliers. Effective supplier interaction will see the company rank among the most successful in the industry. The team should also facilitate knowledge sharing between the suppliers and the company’s clients. This will provide them with the opportunity to interact with the procurement process, increasing returns for the company. Industry Takeover – The company also needs to show more collaborative efforts with the smaller companies in the industry. The other way to ensure collaboration with suppliers is through appropriate service provision where the company offers reduced charges for customers of certain organisations if they use UPS delivery systems. This aspect would increase the volume of trade that the company handles, thus increasing the profitability. One other way that the company has a chance of improving collaboration in the industry between it and other companies is through the promotion of services offered by these partners and engaging in joint product marketing. In the use of e-commerce, the company has demonstrated certain strengths; however, a number of recommendations are plausible. One is that the company should enable full electronic payments for all its customers, as thi s move would allow more accountability and price controls. It would also reduce some of the operational costs incurred through increased staffing to take care of the manual financing still evident in the organisation. The company should also rebrand its website and ensure that customers have access to the various services through the website. Customers should also be in a position to predict the delivery time of products through information provided over the website. UPS should also keep up with technology through investment in the latest communication systems in the market with the creation of more mobile applications to facilitate transactions. In the cost reduction strategy, the company should diversify the products and series that it offers to complement each other to ensure that they are in a position to cut the operational costs. An example is the airline industry that the company invested in, which has allowed it to transport more parcels at a cheaper price. The company shoul d also invest in cheaper transport means for its packages and parcels by investing in cleaner technologies such as the electric propulsion system. In a bid to reduce operational costs, the company could also shift its operations from the United States to areas where there is cheaper labour such as the People’s Republic of China. Reference List Anderson, M Kartz, P 1998, ‘Strategic Sourcing’, International Journal of Logistic  Management, vol. 9 no. 1, pp. 1-53. Claycomb, C Frankwick, G 2010, ‘Buyers’ perspectives of buyer–seller relationship development’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 39 no.2, pp. 252–263. Dabhilkar, M, Bengtsson, L, Haartman, R Ahlstro, P 2009, ‘Supplier selection or collaboration? Determining factors of performance improvement when outsourcing manufacturing’, Journal of Purchasing Supply Management, vol. 15 no.2, pp.143-153. Danese, P 2013, ‘Supplier Integration and Company Perf ormance: A Configurational view’, Omega, vol. 41 no.6, pp.1029–1041. Daspit, J, Tillman, J, Boyd, N Mckee, V 2013, ‘Cross-functional team effectiveness; An examination of internal team environment, shared leadership, and cohesion’, Team Performance Management, vol. 19 no. 2, pp. 34-56. Glock, C Hochrein, S 2011, ‘Purchasing Organisation and Design: A Literature Review’, Business Research Official Open Access Journal of VHB German  Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 149-191. Greve, C Davis, J 2012 Recovering lost profits by improving reverse logistics. Web. Karjalainen, K 2011, ‘Estimating the cost effects of purchasing centralisation—Empirical evidence from framework agreements in the public sector’, Journal of  Purchasing Supply Management, vol. 17 no.3, pp. 87–97. Lysons, K Farrington, B 2000, Purchasing supply chain management, Prentice Hall, New York. Monczzka, M, Handfield, B , Giunipero, C, Patterson, L Waters, D 2002,  Purchasing supply chain management, South-Western Cengage, Cincinnati. Paulraja, A, Chenb, I Flynn, J 2006, ‘Levels of strategic purchasing: Impact on supply integration and performance’, Journal of Purchasing Supply Management,  vol.12 no.2, pp. 107–122. Qrunfleh, S Tarafdar, M 2013, ‘Supply Chain information systems strategy: Impacts on supply chain performance and firm performance’, International Journal of  Production Economics, vol. 147 no. 8, pp. 340–350. Quintens, L, Pauwels, P Matthyssens, P 2006, ‘Global purchasing strategy: Conceptualisation and measurement’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 35 no.1, pp. 881–891. Stanko, M, Bonner, J Calantone, R 2007, ‘Building commitment in buyer–seller relationships: A tie strength perspective’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 36 no.1, pp. 1094–1103. Stuart, F, Verville, J Taskin, N 2012, ‘Trust in buyer-supplier relationships supplier competency, interpersonal relationships, and performance outcomes’, Journal of  Enterprise Information Management, vol. 25 no. 4, pp. 392-412. Svahn, S Westerlund, M 2009, ‘Purchasing strategies in supply relationships’,  Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 24 no. 4, pp. 173–181. Trautmann, G, Bals, L Hartmann, E 2009, ‘Global sourcing in integrated network structures: The case of hybrid purchasing organisations’, Journal of International  Management, vol. 15 no.6, pp. 194–208. UPS Annual Report: We shrink the globe 2012. Web. UPS Supply Chain Solutions: Strategic sourcing – building a foundation for success  2012. Web. Weele, A 2010, ‘Value creation and purchasing strategy’, International Trade Forum,  vol. 4 no.1, pp. 34-35. Wynstra, F, Weele, A Weggemann, M 2001, ‘Managing supplier involvement in product development: three critical issues’, European Management Journal, vol. 19 no. 2, pp. 157–167. Wynstra, F, Weele, A Weggemann, M 2003, ‘Exploring purchasing integration in product development’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 69– 83. This coursework on UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis was written and submitted by user Gloria F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on The case of unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice fieldEssay Writing Service

Essay on The case of unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice fieldEssay Writing Service Essay on The case of unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field Essay on The case of unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice fieldToday special attention is paid to the importance of ethics in Criminal Justice. Ethics in the Criminal Justice field has been a hot topic since the late 1990s and it continues to be important in the 21-st century. The issue of ethics in the Criminal Justice filed is considered to be similar to the police ethics. However, ethics refers to all branches of the Criminal Justice system. Because of the increased role of policing, many ethical issues are connected with policing in today’s society. This paper explores the case of unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field. The case under discussion is the case of Kalvin Michael Smith (1997). This paper provides much important information about unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field, providing the overview of the facts of the case, the explanation of the violation of written and unwritten ethical code, and the ways to prevent this type of situation.In troduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethics plays a significant role in the Criminal Justice field. Unethical behavior varies from one case to another, but the practice of criminal justice is influenced by the four â€Å"root sins†, including â€Å"lying and deception; prejudice and racial discrimination; egoism and the abuse of authority; and misguided loyalties† (Souryal, 2009, p. 214). The case of Kalvin Michael Smith is an example of unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field caused by unethical behavior and corruption in the system. Actually, ethics has always been an important issue within the criminal justice practice because criminal justice practitioners, including the police investigators and prosecutors are kept under scrutiny. Therefore, the case of Kalvin Michael Smith can be used to improve ethical behavior through the promotion of the study of ethics. According to researchers, â€Å"scholars can be of assistance to practitioners by studying the sociological and psychological forces that impact ethical and unethical behavior† (Byers, 2014, p.1). The facts of Kalvin Michael Smith’s case point out to the violation of ethical code by the criminal justice practitioners. It is necessary to use the proper methods to prevent this type of situation in the future.The major goal of this paper is to research the case of unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field, providing the overview of the facts of the case, the explanation of the violation of written and unwritten ethical code, and the ways to prevent this type of situation.The overview of the facts of the caseThe case of Kalvin Michael Smith is also known as the Silk Plant Forest case. Mr. Kalvin Michael Smith was charged of â€Å"Robbery with a Dangerous Weapon and Assault with a Deadly Weapon with the Intent to Kill inflicting serious injury† (Cunningham, 2010, p. 29). The incident occurred on December 9, 1995 in Winston-Salem. The assi stant manager of Silk Plant Forest shop, Jill Marker (33), worked in the shop. At 8:55 pm, Jill was found seriously injured. The man was attacked by a thief who used a blunt instrument to beat his victim. The cash was opened, and the sum of $304 was taken by the thief.The thief attacked the shop at 8:45 pm 8:55 pm. The witness informed the time of attack as he left the shop several minutes prior to the incident. Jill was severely beaten and the healthcare professionals did not expect her to survive. The case was given to a homicide detective Williams two days later, when the police were told that the victim would survive. When the perpetrator attacked Jill, she was pregnant. Being in coma, she gave birth to her child via cesarean section. There were no people in the shop except Jill and the perpetrator or perpetrators; therefore, there were no eye-victims to the crime. The pool of blood on the floor at the crime scene was analyzed and all samples belonged to the victim (Silk Plant Forest Truth Committee, 2009).Six months after the crime, a young black man Kalvin Michael Smith (25) was involved in the case. On June 1, 1996, a woman â€Å"A† accused Kalvin Michael Smith. On July 22, 1996, the man was arrested base on the woman’s report. The man was brought to the Winston-Salem Police Department and denied his involvement in the crime. The suspect l took a polygraph test (or a lie detector). The polygraph test results were used as evidence. According to Detective Williams report, Michael was identified as truthful based on the polygraph testing. The police did not continue any further investigation of the man’s fault. On January 24, 1997, he was arrested. Michael’s photo was presented to the victim, who pointed out to the fact that the perpetrator was a black man, but failed to identify him. Another suspect Kenneth Lamoureux (40), a white man, was identified by the victim as a man who visited the shop that day (Silk Plant Forest Truth Committee, 2009).Kalvin Michael Smith was involved in the case based on the reports of his women whom he deceived. In fact, there were no eyewitnesses in the case, as well as there were no physical evidence. Detective Williams’s investigation process led to the trial, based on four witnesses’ reports who testified against Kalvin Michael Smith. In addition, Jill Marker identified the black man Kalvin Michael Smith as the perpetrator who caused injury to her at the Silk Plant Forest shop. The judge reviewed the evidence, including the victim’s identification of the perpetrator in the court, and brought in a verdict against Kalvin Michael Smith of â€Å"guilty on both counts: assault with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury with intent to kill; and armed robbery† (Silk Plant Forest Truth Committee, 2009, p.1). Michael was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 28 years and11 months.The explanation of the violation of written and unwritten ethical code In the Silk Plant Forest, Kalvin Michael Smith was brought to trial by jury, but he had the right to appeal on several circumstances. The officials within the criminal justice system studied his case and have found that there were â€Å"not significant flaws in the process that convicted Mr. Smith† (Cunningham, 2010, p. 29). They argued that the flaws found in the legal and judicial process could not lead to the miscarriage of justice. Moreover, they stated that the results of criminal trial would be the same even if these flaws were absent (Cunningham, 2010).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, the Criminal Justice System Failure is obvious. In 1998, Kalvin Michael Smith’s appeal of the court’s judgment was denied. In 1999, Kalvin Michael Smith wanted to correct errors, filing a motion for appropriate relief (MAR) without the attorney’s benefit, which was also denied. In 2003, the case of Kalvin Michael Smith was reviewed by the mem bers of the Duke University Law School Innocence Project. The investigation of the case took one year. The members of the Duke University Law School Innocence Project proved that Michael was not involved in the crime, as well as in the scene of the Silk Plant Forest shop (Kalvin Michael Smith vs. Todd Pinion, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 2013).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although, it has been found that the investigative report of Smith’s case failed to â€Å"constitute clear and convincing evidence to rebut the presumption of correctness regarding these findings,† the case of Kalvin Michael Smith remains unclear to the public and experts (Kalvin Michael Smith vs. Todd Pinion, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 2013). There is much evidence that the existing ethical code was violated. In other words, the case of Kalvin Michael Smith proves that unethical behavior by the police investigators and prosecutors resulted in a wrongful conviction of a black man ( Kalvin Michael Smith vs. Todd Pinion, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 2013). In his interview at the correctional institution (Taylorsville City, Utah), Kalvin Michael Smith said, â€Å"It bothers me being in here (prison) for something I know I didnt do. Its an unexplainable feeling. It tears you up on the inside† (Zerwick, 2013, p.2). The traumatic injury Jill Marker got seriously damaged some portion of her brain that is responsible for memory storage and organizing. Besides, the police investigator played an important role in formation of her memory (Zerwick, 2013). In fact, Detective Williams was determined to find the perpetrator; therefore, he used Kalvin Michael Smith as the prime suspect. The major violation of written and unwritten ethical code is caused by mistaken identification.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Kalvin Michael Smith, Detective Williams asked the victim to explore six photographs in order to identify the perpetrator who atta cked the victim. Jill Marker pointed to Smith’s photograph. However, Detective Williams violated ethical code (Zerwick, 2013). The interview was not videotaped. As a result, he did not provide any records, except for his notes and the notes of another police officer about Jill Marker’s identification of Smith’s photograph. According to researchers, â€Å"There’s no way to know for sure what was said or suggested† (Zerwick, 2013, p.2). The police did not find any physical evidence that could be used to link Kalvin Michael Smith to the crime. This fact means the charge against Smith was based only on Jill Marker’s identification and the statements given by three people who knew Smith.According to neuropsychologists place emphasis on the role of memory function in the criminal justice practice. Many tests are developed to evaluate different aspects of a patient’s memory (Zerwick, 2013).   However, none of these tests was used in the ca se of Jill Marker, who suffered severe brain injury. Based on the report findings, Jill Marker’s doctor affirmed that the woman suffered from some form of amnesia. However, the attorney of Kalvin Michael Smith did not use this information (Zerwick, 2013). The jurors and the police investigator violated ethical code because of the breaches of professional ethics, the law and professional responsibilities (Crowder Turvey, 2013; Zerwick, 2013).The ways to prevent unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice fieldThis type of situation should be prevented. Mistaken identification is a real problem that should be solved to prevent unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field. According to the member of the N.C. Commission on Actual Innocence, appointed by the Chief Justice of the N.C. Supreme Court to promote effective reforms in the Criminal Justice field aimed at stopping wrongful convictions, Kalvin Michael Smith is innocent (Zerwick, 2013). The black man was wrongly accused . The commission helps to tackle the problem of mistaken identification in the Criminal Justice field (Zerwick, 2013). This is one of the effective tools to prevent unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice system. One of the first reforms proposed by the commission was to prevent a police investigator from inducing psychological pressure on the witness’s or victim’s choice, both intentionally and unintentionally. In this case, â€Å"the commission recommends that an investigator with no knowledge of the case should conduct police lineups to prevent an investigator from influencing the witnesss choice, intentionally or unintentionally† (Zerwick, 2013, p. 2).Moreover, unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field can be prevented by the application of whistleblowing practice. According to Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012, the staff members of federal agencies should be protected from punishment for reporting misconduct, illegal acts and behavi ors, violation of the established ethical code, etc. (Crowder Turvey, 2013). Today special attention is paid to the â€Å"ethical obligations, policies and laws associated with reporting misconduct by employees within the criminal justice system† (Crowder Turvey, 2013, p. 435). Any whistleblowing practice used by criminal justice practitioners is based on the obligation to inform any act of misconduct or unethical behavior they are aware of and have enough evidence to prove these acts (Crowder Turvey).Undoubtedly, these obligations can be regarded as part of professional ethics, a criminal justice organization’s policy or the law. In case of Kalvin Michael Smith discussed in this paper, Detective Williams’s unethical behavior should have been reported by his colleagues who had direct knowledge of this behavior. Criminal justice practitioners should understand that the stakes are high and the lives of people depend on their response to misconduct or unethical behavior (Crowder Turvey). In other words, the â€Å"failure to report misconduct is likely to result in someone losing their life, their job and their family, along with their basic liberties†( Crowder Turvey, 2013, p. 436).Besides, unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field can be prevented by means of an effective anti-corruption policy that will include the proper mechanisms to address problems caused by unethical behavior and misconduct of criminal justice practitioners (Pollock, 2011). Researchers recommend including the following aspects in this policy: the proactive methods to identify wrongdoing; to provide screening of the staff members, using effective psychological tests, to improve the existing working conditions of employees; and to provide reliable role models to motivate employees following the established code of ethics (Pollock, 2011).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the case of Kalvin Mich ael Smith can be viewed as the case, in which unethical behavior of the criminal justice practitioners has led to destroying one’s life, as well as the basic liberties. The attack of a young woman at the Silk Plant Forest shop on December 9, 1995 was investigated by the police. The prosecution and conviction of Kalvin Michael Smith caused by unethical behavior of criminal justice practitioners destroyed the life of a young man. Jill Marker, an assistant manager at the shop, was a victim.   Based on the police report, her head trauma was serious enough and could influence her memory functions. As a result, her identification of the attacker could be a mistake. There are several ways to prevent unethical behavior in the Criminal Justice field, including the formation of the commission that will help to tackle the problem of mistaken identification, unethical behavior and misconduct in the Criminal Justice field; to apply the whistleblowing practice; and to develop effective a nti-corruption policy.

Housekeeping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Housekeeping - Essay Example Understaffing of housekeeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 d. Staff Turnover due to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 i. Competitor high pays†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 ii. Low wages †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦8 iii. Hectic work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 iv. No Growth Opportunities for housekeeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 v. Personal problems of employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 e. Loosing trained staff†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 f. Managing Budget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 5. Outsourcing in Housekeeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 a) Cost Cutting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....11 b) Outsourcing is flexible†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦11 c) Staff Substitution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 6. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15 c) Preventing Fires†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 d) Cuts and Wounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 8. Security Issues in Housekeeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 a) Protection and theft issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 b) Bomb Threat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....18 9. Environmental Policy in Housekeeping Departmentâ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..18 a. Proper Waste Disposal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 b. Customer Preference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 c. Amenities Dispensers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 10. Conclusions and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦20 11. Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 a. Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.22 b. Appendix B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.23 12. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦.24 Executive Summary Housekeeping research study was conducted by interviewing the executive house keeper at Hilton London Bridge Hotel. The study was conducted to reveal if the theoretical perspectives of housekeeping are in accordance with the practical ones. The executive housekeeper was interviewed with questions prepared in advance, through research. The interview revealed information related to the challenges faced b y executive housekeepers such as; budgeting,

Business Cycle or Economic Growth in the UK Essay

Business Cycle or Economic Growth in the UK - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, economic growth has been driven by investment in infrastructure, investment in science and technology, increased access to business finance, increased exports and support for inward investment, reduction of corporation tax, simplification in business regulations, educating the workforce, tackling long term housing market issues and government support for local growth. This paper discusses economic growth in the United Kingdom with particular focus on the causes of economic growth, longstanding policies and their effect on balanced economic growth and gives recommendations on how the United Kingdom can promote further economic growth. For nations to succeed in the competitive global economy, the respective governments must take action. The government of the United Kingdom has not been left behind. It has taken initiatives to encourage economic growth and at the same time, it continues to support hardworking citizens who want to succeed in life. For stable and continuous economic growth, the initiatives taken by the United Kingdom government include: A nation cannot run effectively without economic infrastructure. For this reason, the government of the United Kingdom has placed economic infrastructure development at the heart of its economic growth policies. Economic infrastructure not only promotes economic growth but also creates employment. Examples of economic infrastructure include construction of power plants, airports, railways and roads, and provision of support services such as security systems and street lighting. Over the years, the United Kingdom has developed its infrastructure networks. According to a finding by OECD, â€Å"between 1970 and 2005, investment in UK roads, rail and electricity generating capacity had a stronger positive effect on the level of GDP per capita, and on short term growth, than other types of capital investment† (HM Treasury and Infrastructure UK, 2010). In 2009, the United Kingdom government created

Essay on Psychopathology and Abnormal Psychology Essay Example for Free

Essay on Psychopathology and Abnormal Psychology Essay One of the most controversial aspects of society throughout history can be seen in the way society views people with illnesses. Often times, people persecute their fellowmen just because they do not seem â€Å"normal† or they seem to â€Å"not belong† with the current society. These problems have led to the development of a branch of psychology which aimed to look at the causes and other related information that formed these mental illnesses. This branch of psychology came to be known as abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology is that segment of the field which studies mental illnesses and abnormal behavior. The field covers problems such as depression, obsession, and even sexual deviation. The field also traced the symptoms, etiology, effects, and how these illnesses are maintained. Before we study abnormal psychology though, we must first look into what people see as abnormal. Historically, many of the earliest civilizations attribute mental disorders and illnesses as manifestations of evil spirits; some even have practices which remove parts of the skull using primitive tools as a means of releasing these evil spirits. As time progressed though, people such as priests, shamans, and witch doctors have been employed to supposedly rid these individuals of the â€Å"malicious† spirits which inhabit their bodies. During the times of the Greeks and the Romans, diagnosing and identifying mental illnesses have become more scientific. However, during this period, mystical and supernatural explanations still prevail over the ideas of modern science. One example is Homer, according to him, mental illnesses are caused by God, taking away the minds of the victims. It is not until Hippocrates wrote numerous accounts, journals, essays, papers and other scholarly work that made the study more scientific. In his papers, Hippocrates wrote about things such as psychosis, mania, phobias, and paranoia. His theory, however, still is flawed because he attributed the illnesses to four fluids in the human body: black and yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. During the middle ages, more horrifying and disturbing accounts were given, According to studies, during this period, people with mental illnesses were classified as witches, and they were â€Å"hunted† so as to rid them of the physical world. It was further justified by the writing of the Malleus Malifacarum (Withc’s Hammer) in 1486. In 1563, a person by the name of Jahann Weyer wrote a book called De Praestigiis Daemonum (The Deception of Demons). The book discredited the beliefs that demons were the culprits in mental illnesses and instead brought out the point that natural causes may indeed result in abnormal behavior. He also looked at the possibility of the use of drugs as sparks which caused these said disorders. With his work, the study of mental abnormalities became more humanitarian and started to look for treatment, rather than damnation, for its victims. In 1769, Benjamin Rush, a professors of chemistry and medicine at the college of Philadelphia became the father of American psychiatry. He instituted reform by putting into action several changes such as better ventilation, separation and classification of violent and non-violent patients, and created programs for recreation catering to the patients who suffer from mental illness. By 1880, Dorthea Dix, a schoolteacher from Boston started a campaign which led to the opening of 32 psychiatric hospitals which prioritized the poor and the needy. Several other prominent people paved the way for the contemporary notion of psychopathology. Emil Kraeplin was the one who introduced to society different classifications of mental disorders. This led the way to a closer relationship between medicine and psychiatry. The classification focused on two important groups – the praecox or what is no known as the schizophrenics, and the manic-depressive psychopaths. He believed that these illnesses were caused by chemical imbalance and irregularities in other aspects of the person such as one’s metabolism. Another important person which helped develop the field of study was Clifford Beers. Beers himself suffered a mental breakdown but was able to overcome it. Upon his recovery, he wrote a book which he titled A Mind That Found Itself. Beers and his book were responsible for the foundation of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, a branch of government which worked to prevent illnesses as well as make sure that any treatment conducted is classified as humane. Today, abnormal psychology focuses on the 4 D’s, these are distress, dysfunction, deviance, and danger. One should note though, that these 4 d’s are seen as judgments, not objective behavior. First of all is dysfunction. Dysfunction is defined as a difficult or abnormal function. In psychology, one of the most popular diseases caused by a dysfunction of the brain is schizophrenia. This disorder is caused by enlarged ventricles, reduced blood flow to the frontal lobe, and an excess of dopamine. Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder that is characterized by people who talk to themselves, yell at someone else which seem imaginary, and other symptoms. Another aspect of the psychopathology is distress. Distress in psychology can lead to numerous diseases, most popular of which are anorexia and bulimia. Often times, people who develop these conditions see it as a way of coping with negative emotions or painful feelings. Traumatic events in a person’s life may also trigger disorders in eating. Danger results in one of the most overlooked psychological disorder in an individual. Often times, notions of fear will develop into anxiety. Anxiety, unlike normal fear, can be characterized by four inherent characteristics. First of all, it is defined by a specific target; secondly, anxiety is experienced in response to the target of fear; third, the target feared by the individual is avoided; and finally anxiety tends to be more chronic. One of the most interesting in the 4 d’s is deviance. We might see something as deviant behavior, but we do not know is that this deviant behavior for us is the deviant’s â€Å"normal† function. This is why this is the most blurred classification out of all of the things that we characterize as abnormal. From here, there are three important viewpoints which look at mental disorders and their causes. These three models are the biological, psychosocial, and the socio-cultural models. First of all, the biological model looks at the brain as the cause of the abnormal behavior. According to proponents of this model, mental disorders are caused by the different chemical imbalances in the brain, and as such, leads to the difference in a person’s behavior. The socio-cultural approach looks at the role that society plays with regards to human behavior. According to its proponents, society and culture play a major role in determining if an individual will be labeled as â€Å"mentally ill† or has a mental disorder. Often times, this is where social deviance is seen; this is due to the idea that one is deviant for a culture may be the norms of the other. Finally, the psychosocial approach looks at underlying influences which are often times unconscious. This approach looks at the childhood and past experiences of the victim. Proponents of this approach are Sigmund Freud and Josef Brener. The approach theorizes that the disorder occurs when the individual becomes â€Å"fixated† to the stage wherein the negative experience has occurred. Looking at these evolutions in the field of abnormal psychology, it becomes positive enough that the approach, which was more of spiritual during earlier times, transforms itself into a more rational field of study. More importantly, these approaches lead us not to discriminate people with these disorders, but rather try to understand them and help them get better. Bibliography Abnormal Psychology. Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://www. blackwellpublishing. com/intropsych/pdf/chapter15. pdf What is Abnormal Psychology? About. com. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://psychology. about. com/od/glossaryfromatoz/g/abnormalpsyc. htm Harris, Kevin. History of Abnormal Psychology. History of Psychology. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://www3. niu. edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/mainsheet. htm Bickard, Mark. The Nature of Psychopathology. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://www. lehigh. edu/~mhb0/psychopath. html

No Prayer in Public Schools Essay -- Religion in Public Schools

No Prayer in Public Schools Chapter three of Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints inspired me to research today’s issues of school prayer. To understand how we got to where we are today, I first delved into our countries history of court cases pertaining to rulings on prayer in schools. Lastly, to update my audience on how our lives are being affected today, I directed my efforts toward finding current situations. By analyzing these situations, I gained knowledge for a better understanding of why society needs to be aware of these controversies. I don’t think there should be any form of organized prayer in today’s public schools. Praying in school was first addressed in the Supreme Court in 1962 in the Engle v. Vitale case. The Establishment Clause emerged and stated Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. The court ruled the Union Free School District in Hyde Park, NY had violated the First Amendment by directing the principals to cause the following prayer to be said aloud by each class in the presence of a teacher at the beginning of each school day: â€Å"Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our Country† (Longley, "Public"). I agree with the courts ruling because not all students in a classroom share the same beliefs. To cause everyone to say this prayer surely violates their rights. Two other court cases were influential in addressing prayer. In the 1971 Lemon v. Kurtzman case the Supreme Court composed a list of guidelines, known as the Lemon Test, to prove a practice unconstitutional. It states the court will rule a practice unconstitutional if: 1. It lacks any secular purpose. 2. The practice either promote... ...endment on School Prayer or Moment of Silence."   Library n.d.   28 Oct. 2001 . * * Lesk, Emily. â€Å"My Turn: My 60-Second Protest From the Hallway.† Newsweek 11 June 2001: 12-13. * * Longley, Robert.   "Chruch and State: How the Court Decides."   U.S. Gov Info/Resources n.d.   12 Nov. 2001 . * * Longley, Robert.   "Public Schools Don't Have a Prayer."   U.S. Gov Info/Resources n.d.   15 Nov. 2001 . * * McCuen, Gary E.   Religion and Politics: Issues in Religious Liberty.   Hudson: G.E. McCuen Publications, 1989. * * Roleff, Tamara L.   Civil Liberties Opposing Viewpoints.   San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. * * Swomley, John M.   Religion, The State and The Schools.   New York: Pegasus, 1968. *

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty-Three

â€Å"I don't know how it got so late,† Elena said for the third time as they hurried down the path by the quad. â€Å"Bonnie and Meredith are probably worried about me.† â€Å"They know you're with me,† Damon said, pacing along unruffled beside her. â€Å"I don't think they'l find that comforting,† Elena said, and bit her tongue as Damon shot her an expressive look. â€Å"After al the time we've spent fighting side by side, they stil don't trust me?† he said silkily. â€Å"I'd be terribly hurt. If I cared what they thought.† â€Å"I don't mean that they think you'd hurt me,† Elena said. â€Å"Not anymore. Or that you wouldn't protect me. I guess they worry that you might †¦ might make a pass at me. Or something.† Damon stopped and looked at her. Then he picked up her hand and held it, running one finger down the inside of her arm, tracing the vein that led from Elena's wrist to her elbow. â€Å"And what do you think?† he asked, smiling gently. Elena snatched her hand back, glaring at him. â€Å"Clearly they have a point,† she said. â€Å"Knock it off. Just friends, remember?† Sighing deeply, Damon started walking again, and Elena hurried to catch up. â€Å"I'm glad you decided to come to the party with me,† she said eventual y. â€Å"It'l be fun.† Damon shot her a velvet-black glance through his lashes but said nothing. It was always fun to be with Damon, Elena thought, listening to the clicking of her own heels and watching her shadow grow and disappear as they walked beneath the streetlights. Or at least, it was always fun when Damon was in a good mood and nothing was trying to kil them, two circumstances she wished coincided more often. Stefan, sweet, darling Stefan, was the love of her life. She had no doubts about that. But Damon made her feel breathless and excited, swept up in something bigger than herself. Damon made her feel like she was special. And he was more easygoing than usual tonight. After Matt left, they'd searched the library some more, and then Damon treated her to chips and soda in the basement vending-machine room. They sat at one of the little tables and talked and laughed. It wasn't anything fancy or elegant, nothing like the parties he'd escorted her to in the Dark Dimension, but it was comfortable and fun, and when she looked at her phone, she was startled to see that more than an hour had passed. And now Damon even volunteered to come to a col ege keg party. Maybe he was trying to get along with her friends. Maybe they could real y be friends, once things somehow worked out between Stefan and him. Elena had reached this point in her musings when she suddenly got the unmistakable creepy-crawly feeling that she was being watched. The little hairs on the back of her neck stood up. â€Å"Damon,† she said softly. â€Å"There's someone watching us.† Damon's pupils dilated as he sniffed the air. Elena could tel that he was sending out questing tendrils of Power, searching for an answering surge, for someone focusing on them. â€Å"Nothing,† he said after a moment. He tucked his hand under her arm, pul ing her closer. â€Å"It could just be your imagination, princess, but we'l be careful.† The leather of Damon's jacket was smooth against Elena's side, and she held tightly to him as they stepped out into the road that divided the campus. Just across from them, a car that had been idling at the curb gunned its engine. Its headlights blazed on, blinding Elena. Damon's arms locked around her waist, squeezing the breath out of her. The car's tires squealed and it shot toward them. Elena panicked – oh God, oh God, she thought helplessly – and froze. Then she was sailing through the air, Damon holding her so tightly that it hurt. When they hit the grass on the other side of the road, Damon paused for a moment, adjusting his grip on Elena, and Elena peered back at the car, which had passed where they were standing a moment before and skidded back around in a U-turn. She couldn't make out anything, not what kind of car it was nor anything about the driver; behind the bright lights, it was just a hulking dark shape. A hulking dark shape that was veering onto the grass and coming back after them. Damon swore and yanked her onward, running rather than flying now, Elena's feet barely touching the ground. Her heart was pounding. She could tel Damon was hampered from using his ful speed by keeping Elena close. They dodged around the corner of a building and leaned against its wal , surrounded by bushes. The car hurtled by, then turned, its wheels leaving long skid marks, and lumbered back to the road. â€Å"We lost him,† Elena whispered, panting. â€Å"Annoy anyone lately, princess?† Damon asked, his eyes sharp. â€Å"I should be asking you that,† Elena retorted. Then she wrapped her arms around herself. She was so cold suddenly. â€Å"Do you think it could have been because of the Vitale Society?† she asked, her voice quavering. â€Å"Something about them and my parents?† â€Å"We don't know who or what could have been on the other side of that trapdoor,† Damon replied somberly. â€Å"Or maybe Matt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Not Matt,† Elena said firmly. â€Å"Matt would never hurt me.† Damon nodded. â€Å"That's true. He's ridiculously honorable, your Matt.† He gave her a little wry sideways smile. â€Å"And he loves you. Everyone loves you, Elena.† He shrugged out of his jacket and draped it over her shoulders. â€Å"One thing's certain, though. If the driver of that car thought I was human before, he knows differently now.† Elena pul ed the jacket more tightly around herself. â€Å"You saved me,† she said in a tiny voice. â€Å"Thank you.† Damon's eyes were soft as he put his arms around her. â€Å"I wil always save you, Elena,† he promised. â€Å"Don't you know that by now?† His pupils dilated, and he pul ed her closer. â€Å"I can't lose you,† he murmured. Elena felt like she was fal ing. The world was being swal owed up in Damon's midnight eyes, and she was being drawn along with it, into the darkness. A tiny part of her said no, but despite it she leaned toward him and met his mouth with hers. Stefan tapped his fingers against the wal behind him, looked around at al the people jammed too close together: talking, laughing, arguing, drinking, dancing. His skin was crawling with anxiety. Where was she? Matt said he'd seen her at the library more than an hour ago, that she had been planning on coming to the party then. Making up his mind, Stefan began to push his way toward the exit. Maybe Elena didn't want him in contact with her right now, but people were dying and disappearing. It would be worth it to have her angry with him, as long as he knew that she was okay. He passed Meredith, deep in conversation with her friend, and said, â€Å"I'm going to find Elena.† He had the quick impression of her faltering, starting to reach out a hand to stop him, but he left her behind. He pushed open the door and stepped out into the cool night air. Campus security was stil by the door checking IDs, but they let him pass without comment, only interested in people trying to come into the party. Outside, the wind was rushing through the trees overhead and a crescent moon rode high and white above the buildings around him. Stefan sent his Power out around him, feeling for the distinct traces of Elena. He couldn't sense anything, not yet. There were too many people too close together here, and Stefan could only feel the tangled traces of thousands of humans, their emotions and life force mixing together in one great underlying buzz from which it was impossible for him, at this distance, to pick out any particular individual, even one as singular as Elena. If he had fed on human blood recently, it would have been easier. Stefan couldn't help thinking longingly of the way that Power had surged through him when he drank regularly from his friends. But that was when Fel ‘s Church needed his best defense against the kitsune. He wouldn't drink human blood just for pleasure or convenience. Stefan started walking quickly across the quad, stil sending out questing fingers of Power around and ahead of himself. If he couldn't locate Elena that way, he would head for where she was last seen. He hoped that, as he got closer to the library, his Power would pick up some hint of her. His whole body was thrumming anxiously. What if Elena had been attacked, what if she mysteriously vanished and never returned, leaving him with this strange distance as their last memory of each other? Stefan walked faster. He was halfway to the library when the distinctive sense of Elena hit him like a punch. Somewhere nearby. He scanned left and right and then he saw her. A terrible pain shot through his chest, as if he could actual y feel his heart breaking. She was kissing Damon. They were half hidden in the shadows, but their light skin and Elena's blond hair shone. They were focused only on each other, so much so that, despite his Power, Damon wasn't aware of Stefan's presence, not even when he walked right up to them. â€Å"Is this why you wanted to take some time apart, Elena?† Stefan asked, his voice sounding hol ow and distant. Final y noticing him, they broke away from each other, Elena's face pale with shock. â€Å"Stefan,† she said. â€Å"Please, Stefan, no, it's not what it looks like.† She reached out a hand toward him, then drew it back uncertainly. Everything seemed so far away to Stefan; he was aware that he was shaking, his mouth was dry, but it felt almost as if he was watching someone else in pain. â€Å"I can't do this,† he said. â€Å"Not again. If I fight for you, I'l just end up destroying us al . Just like with Katherine.† Elena was shaking her head back and forth, her hands stretched out toward him imploringly again. â€Å"Please, Stefan,† she said. â€Å"I can't,† Stefan said again, backing away, his voice thin and desperate. Then, for the first time, he looked at Damon, and a redhot rage slammed into him, overriding the numb distance instantly. â€Å"Al you do is take,† Stefan told him bitterly. â€Å"This is the last time. We're not brothers anymore.† Damon's face opened for a split second in dismay, his eyes widening, as if he was about to speak, and then he hardened again, his mouth twisting scornful y, and he jerked his head at Stefan. Very well, that gesture indicated, then get lost. Stefan stumbled backward, and then he turned and ran, moving with al the supernatural grace and speed at his command, leaving them far behind even as Elena screamed, â€Å"Stefan!†