Metropolitan Museum of Art Primary Source Analysis free essay sample

Avalokiteshvara is significant for strict practices. It is a symbol for Buddhists to love. Other than the philosophical and strict estimations of the sculpture, all the more critically, this ancient rarity shows the distinctions of qualities and convictions that individuals have as indicated by the adjustment in types of Avalokiteshvara. The specific timespan when Buddhism was acquainted with China is an inquiry that remaining parts obscure. It is by and large accepted that Buddhism was spread from India to China in 67 AD through the silk street during the Han Dynasty. Chinese individuals didn't acknowledge Buddhism first and foremost, yet it before long got well known during Northern and Southern Dynasties around fifth century, when Buddhism embraced a few thoughts and convictions from Daoism and Confucianism and changed them to its own tenets. It is amazingly uncommon to see a male type of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara in China today. By and large, Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, or GuanYin in Chinese, is deciphered in an all-female structure. We will compose a custom article test on Metropolitan Museum of Art Primary Source Analysis or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page That implies this relic must be made before the progressive difference in Buddhism. Numerous Buddha sculptures had been changed gradually all through time under the impacts of Chinese culture. In the Song administration, Avalokiteshvara was still in male structure with the lion and the loosening up motions as the consequence of the feeble military of the Song line. As the resl This structure gives individuals a suspicion that all is well and good in light of the fact that the lion and the male represent the force. Furthermore, individuals were looking for the solid security Buddhism went to its prime during the Ming tradition around twelfth century. During this period, Guanyin(Avalokiteshvara) was deciphered in an all-female structure and Guan Yim is normally appeared in a white streaming robe white being the image of virtue - , and typically wearing accessories of Indian/Chinese eminence. In the correct hand is a water container (as the Sacred Vase the water container additionally one of the Eight Buddhist Symbols of good Fortune) containing unadulterated water, the awesome nectar of life, empathy and shrewdness, and in the left, a willow branch to sprinkle the heavenly nectar of life upon the aficionados as to favor them with physical and profound harmony. The picture of Avalokiteshvara was not, at this point a male with a lion and loosen up signals as the consequence of solid military intensity of the Ming Dynasty. Individuals put more accentuation on otherworldly angles and internal harmony than looking for assurance or pursuing material things on the planet.

How to Write a How to Essay - The Easy Way

How to Write a How to Essay - The Easy WayThere are a few samples of a how to essay that you can use. Some of them are better than others and there is no right or wrong one. Your goal is to use something that is an extension of what you already know and what you are familiar with. Use it as a template and you will have a much better chance of succeeding in your writing.You may be trying to find samples of a how to essay but most likely this is a task that you do not enjoy. It can be easy to give up and not complete your assignment because of a lack of interest. Using a sample will make you want to go back and finish the assignment. You will be motivated and excited about the task and your essay will come out more interesting and complete.In order to find samples of a how to essay, you can use a general search engine to get results. This will bring up thousands of pages that relate to this subject. Start by clicking on the first page of results that appear and this will help narrow do wn your search. Keep looking at the first page and on the third page if possible. Keep searching until you find one that you can use as a template for your own assignments.When you find the samples of a how to essay that you want to use, read it carefully. Find out if the topic is something that you have been thinking about in the past. If you find that you do not have a grasp on the information that is contained within the essay, then find another sample.The samples of a how to essay should help you by showing you exactly what you should write about. When you are doing research for your essay, it is helpful to have a few sources that can support your ideas. These samples will provide you with a starting point to write about.Most of the time, the samples that you are given can be found online. They can be used as a template to guide you in writing your own essay. There is no need to look any further for samples. This is especially true when you are searching for samples of a how to essay because you will find it on the internet.Once you have the samples of a how to essay to use as a template, you can turn to another resource. You can use these as guides but use your own thoughts and opinions as well. This will make your assignment easier to complete. You will be less likely to write your own essay and this will give you a chance to write your own.Learning how to write a how to essay does not have to be difficult. You do not have to sit and struggle with a work that does not hold your interest. A sample of a how to essay can be used as a guide and a standard from which you can set your own standards. This will make your essays more interesting and complete.

Btec National Diploma Effective Communication - 1242 Words

Developing Effective Communication P1 There are many different settings relevant within the Health and Social Care Sector. For example you could be placed in a Residential or Nursing home, a Mental Health ward, a Simple Doctores surgery or even a Brain Damage unit. Each of these settings require different skills to enable you to work and care for the patients effectively. I am now going to explore the value of effective and varied types of communication in order to care for and support service users. Communication is so important in a healthcare and social care setting for a number of reasons. The patient and the healthcare professional need to understand each other clearly in order for the patient to receive the best possible†¦show more content†¦If you speak to a person in a way they do not understand they may get confused or feel patronised. It is important to repeat information and to make sure the patient understands. One-to-one communication is conversation between two individuals. Examples of one-to-one communication are, Someone being interviewed, and Someone talking to their GP. In the Health and Social care sector, one-to-one conversation is sometimes used because of confidentiality. With a one-to-one conversation it is important that you have created the right kind of emotional atmosphere before you begin to discuss what you have to say. It is vital that the other person feels relxed, comfortable and happy to talk to you. Group communication is getting a small group of people together who share the same problem to talk about it. These work better when the group is small as the leader can interact better than working with a large group. In health care, group communication can range from AA meetings (Alcohol anonymous) to drug abuse to various phobias which people want to overcome. There are a number of factors we need to consider when working with a group, things such as group atmosphere, group leaders, thinking about what you are going to say, taking turns and the use of space. Bruce W Tuckman is a respected educational psychologist who first described the four stages of group development in 1965. Looking at the behaviour of small groups in aShow MoreRelatedAssignment Brief to Break Down Unit 5 Health and Social Care Level 11545 Words   |  7 PagesBTEC Extended Diploma Level 3 Assignment Brief Course Title: Extended Diploma Level 3 in Health and Social Care Unit : 5 Assignment Title: Anatomy Physiology Scenario/Vocational Context: This unit introduces core knowledge of cellular structure and function, and the organisation of the body as a whole, and then builds on this to develop a more detailed knowledge of the fine anatomy and physiology of the systems involved in energy metabolism. Functional Skills Development: This assignmentRead MoreEssay on social policy1190 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment Front Sheet Qualification Unit Number and Title Pearson BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 7: Social Policy Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 07/03/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand the significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision 1.1 Read MoreUnderstand how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace1565 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment Front Sheet Qualification Unit Number and Title Pearson BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 3: Health and Safety in the Health and Social Care Workplace Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 18/04/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand 1.1 how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplaceRead MoreCompare and Contrast Different Structure of Organisation and Culture964 Words   |  4 PagesHigher National Diploma in Business and Accountancy Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour Edexcel BTEC Level 5 HND Business and Accountancy Unit 3 Assignment: Organisations and Behaviour Useful Websites: www.managementhelp.org www.mindtools.com www.businesslink.gov.uk www.12manage.com www.businessballs.com Section 1 Understanding the relationship between organisational structure and culture You will need to: ï‚ · compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture Here you needRead MoreHealth and social care1434 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment Front Sheet Qualification Unit Number and Title Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 16: Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care Student No. Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 30/05/2014 11/07/2014 Submitted on Assignment title LO2 Task No. Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time. 1 1.3 LO1 In this assessment you will haveRead MoreTitle: Discrimination and Social Care3818 Words   |  16 PagesHealth and Social Care Unit code: D/600/9222 QCF Level 3: BTEC Nationals Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose This unit aims to develop learners’ understanding of concepts related to equality, diversity and rights in health and social care. 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Failure to complete, sign and submit this form will result in a mark of ‘0’ for the assignment. Student Name ELENA UTA Student ID P1030912 Assessor Name SHABNAM S. Qualification PEARSON BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma Business (Management) Unit Number Unit Title Unit 33: Marketing Principle (MP) Assignment Title Assessment of the Performance of a Small Business Enterprise Date of Submission 30.10.2016 By submitting this form and signing belowRead MoreUnit 1 Communication1302 Words   |  6 PagesBTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE LEVEL 3. Unit 1. Developing effective communication in health and social care. Explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. CRITERIA P1. In this piece of writing, I am to explain the role of effective communication in different context, the methods, the interpersonal interactions and how it support service users with theirRead MoreExplain key influences on personal learning processes of individuals4164 Words   |  17 PagesUnit 6: Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care Unit code: D/600/8958 QCF Level 3: BTEC Nationals Credit value: 20 Guided learning hours: 120 Aim and purpose This unit aims to enable learners to understand the learning process and to give them the skills they need to plan for, monitor and reflect on their professional development. Learners will then be able to investigate and gain an understanding of health or social care provision. Learners must

Vigilantes Cleaning Out The Wound Essay - 1949 Words

Do you believe in vigilantism? Do you believe in criminals and outlaws being punished for their crimes in the name of justice? What if you knew someone who was so close to you, you would do whatever it took to find those responsible for the pain they caused and punish them in the name of justice. Would you walk down the path of a vigilante and help bring about an end to their tyranny? Vigilantism can be looked at as crime if you look at it in a negative way, or it can be looked at in a positive way. Many vigilantes help make the world a better place every day by doing away with the evil people in this world who kidnap, rape, murder, and loot people in the streets. Vigilantism is justified because the vigilantes help make the world a better†¦show more content†¦Neo- vigilantism includes many different varieties of vigilantism such as neighborhood crime and subway patrols, border security groups, and also bounty hunters who can sometimes be hired to catch wanted criminals and fugitives for a price. A group called the Guardian Angels was formed in February 1979 in the Bronx and these were vigilantes who looked after the people in the subway carts of New York. When they spotted trouble or anyone in danger, they would intervene and help resolve the situation. The Guardian Angels is still around today and is a much decorated vigilance committee and has been acknowledged by the president on several occasions. In the 1980s, vigilantism began to spring up in many places, especially in Third World countries in the form of Death squad paramilitaries. A new kind of vigilantism was brought about in the 1990s and it was known as cyber- vigilantism. Cyber- vigilantism was composed of people who go after sexual predators, terrorists, and copyright infringers on the internet. The history of vigilantism has made many appearances throughout American history and has played a major role on many occasions. Many criminals, outlaws, and terrorists have been carless and found themselves in the clutches of vigilantes across the United States. Together, they have all made a difference in the lives of people who have been closeShow MoreRelatedThe Case of Malcolm Farley1275 Words   |  5 Pagesair, vigilante groups came up but still the culprit otherwise named the fox was scot-free and continued with his criminal acts. Fox continued to unleash his terror in many towns despite his profiling by the police. He went into other towns like Tring, Cheddington, Leighton Buzzard and Milton Keynes (Malcolm, n.d.). In April 1984, in Linslade, Leighton Buzzard, a 74-year-old woman became the first victim of the Fox. This woman went to bed at around 9PM and after reading for an hour she put out theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesbrutally repressive regimes that actively promoted or systematically engineered the massive episodes of rape, oppression, and genocidal killing that were major offshoots of a second global conflict in the early 1940s. The barbarous treatment meted out to tens of millions of men, women, and children in a decade that marked the nadir of recorded human history provided much of the impetus for a worldwide resurgence of human rights activism, agitation, and legislation that came to be centered in the

The Mass And Class Culture - 900 Words

Our society is allowing opportunities for native individuals of the 19th century to be expressive and develop into their own personal being. The most logical reasoning for this perspective switch is due to mass culture emerging and developing during the 20th century. Cultural studies connect mass culture to the western capitalist society, conveying ideas of a system centered on primarily TV, radio, and cinema. These cultural values and ideas are collected from the exposure of activities, communication media, music and art. Mass culture holds the relationship between an artist and audience and generated by impresarios. Subjects as music, writing, drama, creations, are all created by persons other than the consumers of the culture, which could create a negative image for some. Walker and Soltis mentioned in the Mass or Class Culture case study that many are often displeased with student’s unwillingness to take part in certain subjects like Shakespeare, Beethoven, and Rembrandt. This shows that most of the times educators are forcing students to engage in sure learning when naturally that are absorbed into their own personal life learning and creating new ways to communicate and express artistic thoughts. Walker and Sol raised an interested question when they asked why are educators so persist with recruiting students into an artificial, esoteric culture when their own culture is heavily rich and satisfying. The authors also warned viewers that those who are not willing toShow MoreRelatedEssay about Mass Media1507 Words   |  7 Pagesemergence of mass culture There has always been a definitive struggle to define culture as it is so complex and means something different to each individual. Culture affects all of us in different ways resulting in multiple definitions of culture. Culture had previously been seen as a way of improvement and growth, helping us to understand our place in society and guiding us towards a better understanding of ourselves. Over the previous number of decades our society and culture has changed significantlyRead MoreEssay on Popular Cultures Subserviance to High Culture663 Words   |  3 PagesPopular Cultures Subserviance to High Culture For about a century, Western Culture has really been divided into two cultures, the traditional type of high culture and a mass culture manufactured wholesale for the market. High culture is the arts that require some form of intellect to comprehend, so therefore can only reach a tiny segment of the population, whilst levelling accusations of elitism. High culture includes ballet; the forms of operas, operettas and symphonies; types of film;Read MoreRelationship between Mechanical Reproduction, Art and Culture754 Words   |  4 Pages Marxist criticism concerns itself with class differences and the modes of production that produce oppression. Class conflict will be reflected in different forms of art because the marxist school believes that everything in a society is based on the current modes of production. A change to the mode of production will bring change to politics, law, philosophy, religion, and art. Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin are three of the most notable critics of Marxism. They write aboutRead More Consumer Culture Essay830 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumer culture?† In the late 19th, early 20th century a new phenomenon arose. Along with the development of industrial advances and urbanization of the emerging American culture was the growth and subsequent domination of the â€Å"consumer culture†. Consumer culture is a term that goes hand and hand with the American way of life today, but in those days it was a new and unique experience. Along with the development of the mail order catalog, advertising became a focal point of American mass mediaRead MoreEssay on Culture1216 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween high class culture and lower class culture, suggesting that culture is ordinary, shared and common. If this is the case why does he emphasise a division in light of this concept? And if we all share a common culture can there be a division? It is difficult to understand the term culture. What is culture? Is it a utopian dream, is it a shared group of interests that bring a community together, or is it just simply a way of life? There are so many questions surrounding culture and its meaningRead MoreThe Political Economy And Cultural Studies Theories1429 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Mass media plays an important role in the society by providing entertainment, information and acting as the government’s overseer. Several scholars have developed philosophies that help people understand how mass media fulfills its roles in the society. For example, Horkheimer and Adorno have constructed theories that explain the functions and impacts of mass media in the society across the globe (Mosco, 2008). The central theme in all mass communication models entails the meaning ofRead MoreThe Political Context Of Sociology1118 Words   |  5 PagesIn his book, The Political Context of Sociology, Leon Bramson ( analyzes European theories of the mass and mass society. Bramson cites Wihelm Vleugls excretion that â€Å"not only do different authors associate different concepts with the word ‘mass’: often the same author will use the word to designate different concepts (p. 29). He says that the variety in concepts of â€Å"mass† is due to the historica l changes in political groups and the extension of rights and powers to a larger citizenry in a postRead MoreFascism During The 1930 S1360 Words   |  6 Pagesinstruments of production†, so the primary focus was on a sort of conflict of class system. Now fascism is generally explained as a nationalistic and primarily right-wing form of governmental rule. Populism and populists have been around for a long time but around this time they where not only embracing the ideal of being a political stance for the people but they also collectively had a distaste for those in the upper class, the small percentage at the top. Historically the populist party was knownRead MoreThe And Dissemination Of Cultural Values, Ideologies, And Hierarchies832 Words   |  4 Pagescultural values, ideologies, and hierarchies is as varied as the historian. Again semantics and semiotics, important issues to understand the full web of the â€Å"word-concept† culture, dominate much of the theory and practice. The most common debates are over naming eras and redefining terms like popular, culture, popular culture, etc. Despite the debate, the historiography maintains four important foci for the construction of cultural values: industrialization and the Progressive Era, the influenceRead MoreSubculture And Its Impact On Society1426 Words   |  6 Pages Subculture refers to a minority of individuals who adhere to different rules, dress codes and lifestyle choices from mainstream culture. Throughout this essay the traditional definitions of subcultures, that mainly concentrate on class and style as their main features, will be looked at and explained. It will then be demonstrated how these ways of thinking are no longer relevant to the 21st century therefore the term subculture needs to be rethought for it to be an applicable category in the

Mary Shelleys description Essay Example For Students

Mary Shelleys description Essay Other people including his sister were very worried and believed the quest to be too dangerous; many thought that the quest could never be accomplished. His sister was especially worried because it was a part of the world never visited and also there was no route discovered to the pole yet. Walton attempts, in his letter, to persuade his sister that everything will be alright. Victor Frankenstein was a young ambitious scientist who wanted to be the first ever human to create life. He wanted to be become famous and be well known for his work as a scientist. Even though people and other scientists with high reputations told him that it was dangerous and also that it could never be accomplished. Despite this he was determined not to let their thoughts get in the way and carried on with his plan. He prepared for his work by going into graveyards and charnel houses collecting body parts and bones of dead people: Spending days and nights in vaults and charnel houses churchyards were merrily respectable bodies deprived of life This choice of words by Mary Shelley is very effective because it makes the reader feel that something dreadful is being created because you wouldnt think something good of the creature when you here that the body parts of it were from dead, burned rooted people, this is very effective on the readers because it makes you feel as if you are there and are actually experiencing it. This also again shows the intelligence of Mary Shelley. This quote shows that he is willing to give sleep and food because he was so determined to go on with his dangerous mission and to create life. Finally Victor Frankenstein succeeds: After nights and days of labour and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of life. At this point Victor Frankenstein is very excited because after all his hard work he had finally discovered the way to create life. This basically makes him feel that his mission is unstoppable and that ultimately people would thank him for what he had accomplished. Mary Shelley is trying to convey the message that Robert Walton and Victor Frankenstein are going too far. They are both over ambitious and their preparations including giving up sleep and food shows that they are determined to do what they set out to do and nothing can get in their way. Both of their quests seem too dangerous and are also pushing the boundaries too far.

UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis

Executive Summary The following paper is a presentation of procurement strategies as well as procurement tools within a selected organisation in the logistics industry. The paper begins with a detailed profile of the procurement process and function in the organisation as informed by a number of documents on the company obtained through relevant databases over the Internet. The paper also includes an analysis of the research materials in an attempt to establish solutions to some of the challenges in the company’s procurement configuration.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings of research into the company’s procurement process establish that even though the company has invested in a number of techniques to facilitate the same, several challenges still exist. These challenges include the absence of a clear outline of the p rocurement strategy in the organisation and a detachment of the several units and departments involved in procurement, thus causing delays and inefficiencies. In addition to the above problems, there is an apparent disconnection between customers and the production process, thus causing delays in the final product reaching the intended consumers. This paper covers several sections that allow easy interpretation of the procurement process in the selected organisation. It begins with a background of the organisation with the inclusion of the several changes in its procurement functions. The presentation of a detailed strategy and operations in the firm follows before concluding with the recommendations section. The selected company is United Parcel Services (UPS). Background of UPS UPS was founded in the 1907 and it has grown from its original coverage of the US to cover more than half of the globe courtesy of having services in over 200 countries around the world. With its headquarte rs in Atlanta, the company has been the leader in package delivery with millions of parcels and documents being delivered daily. The company has also grown in revenue over the period it has been in existence and it is listed in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The company has presence in all the continents with coverage of almost all the regions of the world. There is also diversification in the company, which allows easy courier and distribution functions in the industry. The major divisions formed since its inception includes the UPS Mail Innovations, UPS TeleService, UPS Aviation, UPS Air Cargo, UPS Capital Corporation, and UPS Professional Services among others. These have constantly changed over the years with the functions remaining within the organisation and addition of others. The company uses its characteristic brown fleet of vehicles and aircrafts to deliver parcels and packages. According to the UPS Supply Chain Solutions (2012, p.9), ‘the company spent billions of dollars in a state-of-the-art tracking system and in the investment of some of the latest technologies in the industry’. The update of its technological capability is also reported to cost it more than the operation of the aircrafts and the courier vehicles.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For a proper analysis of the company’s performance, the operations can be grouped into domestic package that the company runs in the US, International package for its international market, and the non-package sectors. A historical performance index reveals that the organisation has a performance of approximately $24 billion in 2002 revenue for the domestic package: $4.7 billion in international trade and $2.7 billion in revenue for the non-package section. This performance was an improvement in revenue from the previous year’s performance where all the section s recorded lower revenues. However, by the year 2012, the company had grown to a total of US$ 54.1 billion, with an operating income of US$ 1.343 trillion and a net income of US$ 807 million (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The company has also grown from employment of handful employees to have over 397,000 employees in all the branches worldwide (UPS Annual Report 2012). The company also has over 8.8 million customers worldwide, who are served by the over 70,900 retail outlets in different parts of the world. There are also over 100,000vehicles forming its delivery fleet (UPS Annual Report 2012).Some subsidiaries have also been added to the original components of the organisation. The company has expanded its operations with the domestic market still constituting the largest share of its operations. However, in the recent past, the company has set to strengthen its international presence with the opening of several new branches across the world and introduction of the Internet-ba sed trade. Analysis of UPS’s Procurement Function In the process of procurement, an organisation should ensure that the acquired goods and services are appropriate with the best cost attainable and in the appropriate quantity, location, and time. UPS has a basic procurement process utilised by most organisations, which takes the standard route with the customers being the final recipients of the products and suppliers being at the beginning of the chain. In this section, the main areas of focus in the procurement process for UPS are global sourcing, supplier and collaboration, e- procurement and information, and cost reduction systems. Figure I: UPS: Executive board organisational chartAdvertising We will write a custom coursework sample on UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure II: Flow of materials through an organisation Source: (Qrunfleh Tarafdar 2013) Global sourcing Global sourc ing is an important part of any organisation and especially that of the size of UPS. According to Quintens et al. (2006), international purchasing cannot be excluded from any organisation that has the desire to succeed at the international front. UPS has set up effective measures of global sourcing, which contribute to its current state of success globally. Wynstra et al. (2003) posit that there is a need to integrate the purchasing process and product development. Some researchers have suggested that outsourcing leads to negative effects on the performance of a company, but this aspect is dependent on the specific industry (Dabhilkar et al. 2009).Alternatively, if outsourcing is applied with the right initiatives, there is a high probability for positive results. In the case of UPS, global sourcing contributes significantly and the same has grown exponentially over the last decade as domestic competition increases. UPS has also applied strategic purchasing methods in these levels, with global sourcing being a key pillar of the strategies. Paulraja et al. (2006) classify strategic purchasing into three basic levels. The company has managed to integrate the supply activities between the organisation’s customers and the external suppliers who form the largest part of global sourcing in many organisations (Paulraja et al. 2006). UPS recognises the importance of global outsourcing, which has been placed central to its procurement strategy.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Trautmann et al. (2009, p.205) state, ‘companies engage in global sourcing for a variety of reasons, not just to achieve economies of scale’. Some of the reasons of global outsourcing as recognised in UPS include the sharing of knowledge and the provision of the organisation with the best practices in its engagement with customers (Monczzka et al. 2002). Danese (2013) also stresses the importance of global outsourcing, as it improves the performance of any organisation that is in a position to establish itself in this field. UPS has made clear policies on outsourcing and specifically global sourcing. Through these policies, the company has been in a position to achieve international cooperation and partnerships and the same translating to improved returns and ease in the logistics industry. Supplier and collaboration UPS has collaborated with a number of companies, both in the past and recently, with some examples being companies such as IBM and Oracle. This move has enabled to company to ease its international and local presence with outlets for its services increasing with such partnerships. The collaboration has also seen the company take on the Internet space and diversify its services to the specification of the customers. Researchers have established a relationship between the successes of a company with the collaboration that it can achieve in the industry that it is situated. According to Claycomb and Frankwick (2010, p.256), some of the benefits include ‘information exchange and conflict resolution mechanisms’. However, others have reported negative effects of collaboration between companies with the suggestion that organisations should strive to be specialised in only one sector (Weele 2010). Given the logistics in the industry that UPS is located, collaboration is a significant part of existence and this view has informed the collaboration with suppliers and distributers. Supplier collaboration is also a significant cont ributor to cohesion within an organisation (Daspit et al. 2013; Lysons Farrington 2000), and UPS enjoys the same since its inception. The company has also managed to build trust between it customers and its suppliers with little negative incidents in its procurement process being reported in the period it has been in existence. In a study that examined the effects of trust between organisations in the supply chain, Stuart et al. (2011) proved that basic trust is necessary for effective collaboration. Collaborative networks are also important in the industry and UPS has built a large network in the courier industry where its service can be found in many parts of the world. Relational marketing literature also emphasises on the importance of building collaboration amongst companies (Stanko et al. 2007), and thus UPS has entered into partnerships with key industry players to ensure that competition is reduced and bridges built. Over the past decade, the company has proceeded to acquir e a number of related companies to expand her territories. The culture of organisations is also important to consider, as some of these organisational cultures may influence the outcome of collaboration. Claycomb and Frankwick (2010, p. 252) support this view by stating that some of the important aspects of a partnership in any industry ‘include information exchange and conflict resolution mechanisms’. Some of the issues that have arisen in the procurement process in UPS have emerged from failure of mechanisms set in place to ensure easy flow of information between some of its partners. Despite the support accorded to the supplier collaboration with an organisation, some researchers state that supplier involvement in the process of procurement and product development may be harmful to an organisations performance (Wynstra et al. 2001). The researchers continue to state that few of the organisations have thus ventured in to the involvement of suppliers in their productio n process (Wynstra et al. 2001). Interestingly, UPS has continued to experience growth in the presence of collaboration with its key suppliers over the last century of existence. E- Procurement and information UPS has invested in e-commerce in a number of ways. The company remains the first in the industry to utilise the Internet as a tool in its procurement process after investing billions of dollars every year for the last number of decades. The investments into cyberspace and information technology have exceeded the operational costs for the vehicle delivery and the air delivery services. As Qrunfleh and Tarafdarstate (2013) posit, information system in the current century is inseparable from the supply chain and application of the same in any supply chain can boost its performance. The company has a number of uses for e-procurement. Cisco, which is an affiliate company of UPS, is reported to sell approximately 90 percent of its products online with the special requests and speci fications being made the same way (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The clients are also allowed to easily check the product quality and test it via the same route, thus allowing them to confirm the details of delivery. The clients can now perform transactions at any time of the day and night, and UPS is notified of its product status through the same mode (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The company then uses the Internet to crosscheck the details of the orders and then due process is followed to the appropriate customers. Another example of the Internet use by UPS to link clients and provide efficient services is that of ScubaToys.com and its interaction with UPS OnLine (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The company is in a position to deliver the toys in a matter of hours to the rightful customers with shipment to different times only taking a number of days. The companies have managed to use the Internet to link the supply and customers directly, which facilitates trade and p rofitability. The payments for the services are also made electronically and clients can track their orders using a mobile phone software application called UPS Mobile (UPS Supply Chain Solutions 2012). The healthcare sector is a key part of UPS, which forms an integral part of its supply chain. With growing concerns over the safety of the supply chain, UPS has moved to ensure that the industry is safe by initiating measures aimed at temperature control and safety of medical appliances and drugs during transit. The Arizona State University (ASU) is also a beneficiary of the UPS Store, which is a franchise of one of UPS subsidiaries. The institution had a challenge of safely delivering mail to its large body of students before the company simplified the process and used technology for the same. The institution can now keep track of the mail.UPS, through its Customer Solutions section, also offered solutions to the challenge of goods damaged during transit for Plow Hearth. UPS was in a position to develop an economical solution to ensure that Plow Hearth customers were satisfied. They were also in a position to reduce transport costs and increase returns. Greve and Davis (2012) also offer solutions to some of the logistical problems that companies face and they use the model of UPS as an efficient logistical company. Vivo Technology, which is a company dealing in laptop parts, also had challenges with the efficient delivery of the parts to the markets and UPS offered solutions to the company by ensuring improved delivery efficiency. Cost reduction systems UPS has invested in a number of ways to ensure that the costs of doing business are reduced. Proper procurement strategies are some of these measures and the company has managed to stay competitive. As Glock and Hochrein (2011, p.173) state, ‘purchasing organisation is important for the competitive success of the purchasing department and the firm’. UPS has ensured that the purchase of the relevan t services and goods in its line of trade are properly done. One of the measures applied is the use of e-commerce as highlighted above. Another of these measures is the collaborative effort put in place, thus ensuring that it is in a position to attract other likeminded companies towards the goal of efficiency. Anderson and Katz (1998, p. 1) support this assertion by noting that the ‘cost of cutting alone has been a disappointing means of improving profits’. Svahn and Westerlund (2009) also established the use of collaborative networks as another way or reducing costs in the operation of companies. UPS has invested in cheap ways of transporting and delivering documents and parcels, and these methods include bulk shipping and chattered flights. The services have ended up being cheaper and competitive with the resultant goods being affordable. Karjalainen (2011) also states that such means of reducing pricing is the most effective. Recommendations Prioritisation of procur ement process – There are a number of possible recommendations for UPS in its procurement process. The first one is that the company should attempt to redefine its organisational structure to ensure that procurement is made a priority. A representative of the same function should be appointed to handle the department, and this individual should be answerable to the CEO and the Board members only. The strategy will ensure that the procurement process in the company is swift and efficient. Close supplier involvement – UPS should ensure that the suppliers are involved directly in the development of any new services and [products. To this effect, a supplier development team should be formulated, with the functions including quality assurance for the suppliers. Effective supplier interaction will see the company rank among the most successful in the industry. The team should also facilitate knowledge sharing between the suppliers and the company’s clients. This will provide them with the opportunity to interact with the procurement process, increasing returns for the company. Industry Takeover – The company also needs to show more collaborative efforts with the smaller companies in the industry. The other way to ensure collaboration with suppliers is through appropriate service provision where the company offers reduced charges for customers of certain organisations if they use UPS delivery systems. This aspect would increase the volume of trade that the company handles, thus increasing the profitability. One other way that the company has a chance of improving collaboration in the industry between it and other companies is through the promotion of services offered by these partners and engaging in joint product marketing. In the use of e-commerce, the company has demonstrated certain strengths; however, a number of recommendations are plausible. One is that the company should enable full electronic payments for all its customers, as thi s move would allow more accountability and price controls. It would also reduce some of the operational costs incurred through increased staffing to take care of the manual financing still evident in the organisation. The company should also rebrand its website and ensure that customers have access to the various services through the website. Customers should also be in a position to predict the delivery time of products through information provided over the website. UPS should also keep up with technology through investment in the latest communication systems in the market with the creation of more mobile applications to facilitate transactions. In the cost reduction strategy, the company should diversify the products and series that it offers to complement each other to ensure that they are in a position to cut the operational costs. An example is the airline industry that the company invested in, which has allowed it to transport more parcels at a cheaper price. The company shoul d also invest in cheaper transport means for its packages and parcels by investing in cleaner technologies such as the electric propulsion system. In a bid to reduce operational costs, the company could also shift its operations from the United States to areas where there is cheaper labour such as the People’s Republic of China. Reference List Anderson, M Kartz, P 1998, ‘Strategic Sourcing’, International Journal of Logistic  Management, vol. 9 no. 1, pp. 1-53. Claycomb, C Frankwick, G 2010, ‘Buyers’ perspectives of buyer–seller relationship development’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 39 no.2, pp. 252–263. Dabhilkar, M, Bengtsson, L, Haartman, R Ahlstro, P 2009, ‘Supplier selection or collaboration? Determining factors of performance improvement when outsourcing manufacturing’, Journal of Purchasing Supply Management, vol. 15 no.2, pp.143-153. 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Wynstra, F, Weele, A Weggemann, M 2001, ‘Managing supplier involvement in product development: three critical issues’, European Management Journal, vol. 19 no. 2, pp. 157–167. Wynstra, F, Weele, A Weggemann, M 2003, ‘Exploring purchasing integration in product development’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 69– 83. This coursework on UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis was written and submitted by user Gloria F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.